Walmart -Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Walmart -Planning - Essay Example Overview of planning Planning is considered to be the first step in doing anything. Planning comprises of a scheduled set of activities and tasks which are pre-defined and resources, cost, material, labor and time is also determined in advance for every activity in the planning process. Without planning, there is no set route to follow and everything goes haywire. Chances of discrepancies, inadequacies, risks and gaps increase in the absence of planning process. Planning can take the form of short or long term planning. In the former case, planning is not much in-depth and focuses on achieving short term monetary benefits. Long term planning is meant to gain strategic advantage because all other elements of managing, controlling and organizing are then aligned with that of strategic planning to fulfill desired goals. Wal-Mart’s vision and mission Wal-Mart’s successful operations are attributed to its cost leadership strategy which has always been focused on its customer (Center for Applied Research 2005). While its vision/mission statement goes as "Wal-Mart’s mission is to help people save money so they can live better†, its stores slogans also compliment its vision and mission statement which run as "Wal-Mart. Always low price. Always." Thus, cost effectiveness and providing products and services at rock bottom prices stand at the core of any planning or managing process at Wal-Mart. Planning at Wal-Mart is a mix of both strategic and day-to-day planning. When we talk of strategic goals, it refer to supplier selection, optimizing on technological inputs, use of automation techniques, software and other decisions which provide a competitive edge to it. Daily routine planning involves inventory control and management, quality control, distribution systems, et cetera (Goodstein, Nolan & Pfeiffer 1993, p.131). Application of planning process within Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is considered as a value driven company and this value addition is attri buted to its strategic planning in operational, tactical and contingency categories. It has always decided in advance where it wants to go, how and which activities to focus upon to achieve desired objectives. Wal-Mart’s planning process spans across all of its functions namely store management, finance, human resources, operations, information technology and strategic management. On tactical front, it has always devised plans and means on how to attract customers and stick to its low cost proposition. This is what gives way to its EDLP (Every Day Low Pricing) strategy. In operations side also, Wal-Mart exercises collaborative planning and forecasting relationship (CPFR) with that of its suppliers as it believes that involvement of suppliers in critical decisions helps reduce costs and improve quality. This way, it is able to extract synergies from that of its partners and develop long term relations with them. From financial perspective, separate committee is formed comprisi ng of 3-4 members who meet regularly and discuss issues pertaining to the capital structure, financial status, global policies, acquisitions, investments and annual financing plans. Within strategic planning, the committee also analyzes the basic goals to be achieved and in this respect, reviews its relations with investors, stakeholders, banks, financial institutions and others. Regular monitoring and check on its dividend policy and annual budgeting process enables undeviated implementation of set plans

Conform Essay Example for Free

Conform Essay In other cases being beautiful is very important to many people and some are willing to change to conform to everyone else’s perspectives to beauty. Others find themselves comfortable with just the way they are. Some people decide to go into painful plastic surgeries to fit in with the rest of the so-called beautiful people; others rebel against pleasing others and don’t put so much importance to it. They focus on being on what they really are. In â€Å"Barbie Doll† by Marge Piercy and â€Å"Lost Sister† by Cathy Song Girlchild and Sister struggle with their decision on whether to rebel or conform to what society expects. Girlchild from â€Å"Barbie Doll† chooses to conform to society’s expectations. Girlchild does not consider herself beautiful because she has large nose and chubby legs. Even though she is described as smart and in good conditions, the people around her only care of how she looks physically. The requirements to be beautiful are so limited and her good features are not one of them. Physically, Girlchild does not believe herself as beautiful. Barbie dolls are the ideal form of beauty, with the perfect body, big eyes, and perfect nose. Girlchild does not carry any features of a Barbie doll but that does not mean she is ugly. Instead of finding her own way of beauty Girlchild decides to fit in. So Girlchild loses weight, changes her look, and attitude to please others. Even like that people criticize her of being imperfect all they still see is â€Å"a fat nose on thick legs† (Piercy 11). She fails to find acceptance, even after all the hard work she puts into it. To conform to everyone else she finally decides to cut her nose and legs off. This decision to fit in causes her life to end. After that the undertaker fixes her up putting on a fake nose and fixing other imperfections. At her uneral now that she carries a different nose, the so-called perfect nose, everyone finally asks â€Å"Doesn’t she look pretty? † (Piercy 23). At last she succeeds to be accepted but now it doesn’t really matter, because she is dead. In the other hand sister from the poem â€Å"Lost Sister† did not conform instead she decides to rebel. Her culture expects women to be loyal, obedient, and t o stay at home and care for their family throughout all their lives. Sister is compared to a jade stone, because like the stone women are able to do so much, but are not able â€Å"to move freely† (Song 13). In Sister’s culture women are destined to take care of their family and are not capable to achieve anything else. They also have to go through a painful process of foot binding that didn’t allow them to walk comfortably. This foot binding procedure is for women to have small cute feet. It also enables them to move fast and far. Sister does not conform to this lifestyle unlike Girchild, Sister decides to seek opportunities and equality in America. Sister leaves to another country to find freedom. In America she does not have to go through painful procedures to be accepted. She now has the opportunity to â€Å"stride along with men† (Song 36). While this is what she wants, she is still not satisfied. In America she has no family. By rebelling she gets what she wants but she is unable to share this with her family. She is unable to understand the new language. The city is nothing like where she was born; in the city there is always light and the air is not the cleanest. She starts to miss China. She realizes it wasn’t so easy after all. Even though one decides to rebel and the other to conform at the end, ironically, they are both unhappy. Girlchild is lifeless unable to enjoy her accomplishment and Sister was unable to share her freedom with her family.

Noise Pollution Essay -- Cause Effect Noise Environment Essays

Noise Pollution Abstract No one on earth can escape the sounds of noise- an unwanted, disturbing sound that causes a nuisance in the eye of the beholder. Noise is a disturbance to the human environment that is escalating at such a high rate that it will become a major threat to the quality of human lives. In the past thirty years, noise in all areas, especially in urban areas, have been increasing rapidly. There are numerous effects on the human environment due to the increase in noise pollution. In the following paper, the cause and effects of noise pollution will be presented in some detail. Slowly, insensibly, we seem to accept noise and the physiological and psychological deterioration that accompanies it as an inevitable part of our lives. Although we attempt to set standards for some of the most major sources of noise, we often are unable to monitor them. Major sources of noise can be airplanes at takeoff and landing, and a truck just off the assembly line, yet we seem accept and enjoy countless other sounds, from hard rock music to loud Harley Davidson motor cycles. The following areas will be investigated in some detail; adolescent education, neural-effects, sleep, hearing damage, occupational environment, transportation, and physiological effects. Introduction Almost everyone has had one experience of being temporarily "deafened" by a loud noise. This "deafness" in not permanent, although it is often accompanied by a ringing in the ears, and one can hear another person if he raises his voice. Likewise, normal hearing comes back within a few hours at most. This sort of partial hearing loss is called Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) (Bugliarello, et al., 1976). A TTS may be experienced after firing a gun or... ...aft Noise and Psychiatric Hospital Admissions Conducted in the Same Area. Psychol. Med Vol. 9: 681-693. Maser, A.; Sorensen,; and Krypter, K. 1978. Effects of Intrusive Sound on Classroom Behavior: Data from a Successful Lawsuit. San Francisco. Peterson, W. H. and Northwood, T. D. 1981. Noise raised blood pressure without impairing auditory sensitivity. Science Vol. 211: 1450-1452. United States National Industrial Pollution Control Council (NIPCC), 1970 Vallet, M. Psychophysiological 1979. Effects of Exposure to Aircraft or to Traffic Noise. Proc. Inst. Acoustics Vol. 3: 1-4. Von Bekesy, George. 1957. The Ear, Scientific American, 197: 61-67 Council on Environmental Quality. 1979. US Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. US Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. The Extent of the Noise Problem. WHO Report. 1990. UN Conference.

Effects of Drug Use during Pregnancy on Children Essay

Being pregnant means more than just carrying a child in uteri for nine months. Pregnant women must watch what they put into their bodies because it will directly affect the life of their unborn child. Unborn children are totally helpless to their mothers’ actions and totally dependent on everything they do. All pregnant women need to be aware of the consequences of using drugs during pregnancy; drugs such as, cocaine, heroin, cigarettes, methamphetamine, and marijuana. All drugs illegal or not could have critical and long lasting effects on children throughout their whole life. What are drugs? Drugs are chemicals that can make you change the way the body works. Some drugs are worse than others but no matter which one used, during pregnancy all drugs have dreadful effects on the unborn child. The drugs cocaine, heroin, tobacco/cigarettes, methamphetamines and marijuana can affect children in different ways; however, they all should be avoided during pregnancy. Mothers need to think about their unborn child and the adverse effects using drugs will have on them not only as infants but as young children and young adults as well. Cocaine is a strongly addictive stimulant that directly affects the brain. Cocaine is one of the oldest drugs known to this day (Barbara L. Thompson, 2009). There is no safe amount of cocaine for a woman who is pregnant because any cocaine taken will transfer to the baby as well (Drug Babies and the Effects of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy, 2011). Heroine is also a highly addictive drug and it is the most abused and fast acting of the opiate group. Heroine, processed from morphine, is derived from certain poppy plants. Heroin will cross over to the baby through the placenta and cause an unborn baby to be dependent on the drug. Tobacco/cigarettes are a non illicit drug and the most common drug used among pregnant woman. Tobacco products have been linked to low birth weight and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Methamphetamines are highly addictive substances with powerful central nervous system stimulant properties (Drug Babies and the Effects of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy, 2011). Methamphetamines are considered a major drug of abuse and can cause low birth weight, miscarriages and could lead to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (Drug Babies and the Effects of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy, 2011). Marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug in America today. Women who use marijuana on a daily basis will operate at subliminal levels because it directly affects the way the brain works. When using marijuana during pregnancy the mother is more likely to have a miscarriage or a low birth weight baby. No matter which drug the mother is using it can be detrimental to the unborn baby’s health and should be avoided. Using drugs during pregnancy not only affects the baby a birth but it can affect that child for the rest of his/her life. The child can experience many difficulties in when he/she goes to school as well. Each drug is different and affects children differently. Cocaine may cause drug dependency and withdrawal symptoms at birth, as well physical and me ntal problems, especially if the mother used cocaine during the first three months of pregnancy. There is a higher risk of hypertension, heart problems, developmental retardation and learning difficulties (Gale A. Richardson, 2010). It has been reported that prenatal cocaine exposure is linked to cognitive and neuropsychological development and school functioning in 6 to 8 year olds (Gale A. Richardson, 2010). A baby who has been exposed to prenatal cocaine use by the mother is more likely to be irritable, jittery and have an irregular sleeping pattern, visual problems and problems with sensory stimulation (Drug Babies and the Effects of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy, 2011). During pregnancy cocaine crosses into the placenta and enters the baby’s blood circulation and will stay in the blood longer than it will the mother (Using Illegal Street Drugs During Pregnancy, 2008). Using cocaine during pregnancy increases the risk of having a miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy. During the later part of pregnancy, using cocaine can cause placental abruption which could lead to severe bleeding, preterm birth and death of the unborn baby (Using Illegal Street Drugs During Pregnancy, 2008). Also babies who are exposed to cocaine during the later part of pregnancy may experience a dependence of the drug and may be required to be weaned off the drug at birth because the child can experience withdrawal symptoms (Joan Keegana, 2010). Symptoms include tremors, sleeplessness, muscle spasms, and feeding problems for the infant. Prenatal cocaine exposure has also been linked to behavior problems among the children in school, and aggression and shoddier attention and processing skills (Delaney-Black, 2010). For children of prenatal cocaine exposure life can be difficult, struggling in school at an early age may detour that child from continuing school when they are older to achieve his/her diploma. Also the children will have all sorts of behavior issues in school. Compared to children with no cocaine exposure, children who were exposed to cocaine had drastically more mother and teacher behavior problems throughout early elementary school (Gale A. Richardson, 2010). Children of older women who used cocaine during pregnancy also experienced more difficulties in school than children born to younger mothers who used cocaine (Gale A. Richardson, 2010). Children who are exposed to cocaine prenatally were also linked to be affected by weight and height, meaning children were smaller in weight and height categories compared to their peers. Cocaine is a very powerful drug and should not be used at all and more importantly should not be used during pregnancy. Cocaine use during pregnancy could be fatal for the unborn child and does not give him/her a fair chance at life. A pregnant woman needs to think about her unborn child before she does cocaine because her child could potentially have multiple problems in school and in life. The most important reason for a woman not to use cocaine during pregnancy is it could kill an unborn child. Heroine is classified as an opiate and travels the fastest of any drug into the baby’s blood stream when the mothe r is pregnant and used it (Joan Keegana, 2010). Like cocaine heroin is also very addictive and the baby once born can become dependent on this drug and have to be weaned off of it (Using Illegal Street Drugs During Pregnancy, 2008). Using heroin while pregnant can affect fetal development. Heroin use has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage and premature birth, and babies may be born smaller than average and may be prone to illness (Barbara L. Thompson, 2009). The substances that are cut with heroin may also cause problems during the pregnancy and affect the developing fetus. Injecting heroin can increase the risk of both the mother and baby becoming infected with blood-borne viruses, such as hepatitis and HIV (Joan Keegana, 2010). Pregnant women who want to stop taking heroin need to be very careful. Sudden withdrawal from heroin may harm the baby and increase the risk of miscarriage, premature birth and stillbirth (Using Illegal Street Drugs During Pregnancy, 2008). If a mother continues to use heroin while breastfeeding, it is possible that the drug will be present in her milk and may have adverse effects on the baby. Babies of mothers who use heroin will have some long-term effects. Some children at three to six years of age children whose mothers were addicted to heroin were lower in weight and height compared to the other children whose mothers did not use heroin, and impaired in behavioral, perceptual and organizational abilities. Babies born with low birth weight have been shown to have many difficulties later in life such as, language learning disabilities, behavior problems, and children are more likely to be rejected by peers and performance in school may suffer and the children may need special education courses. Heroin is a very bad drug to be addicted too, not only because of the risks it presents on the person using it, but because it has an added risk of HIV because of all the needle sharing. Using heroin or any opiate should be avoided at all time for children’s sake. Methamphetamine use during pregnancy affects development of a baby’s, brain, spinal cord, heart and kidneys (Drug Babies and the Effects of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy, 2011). Methamphetamine use during pregnancy may result in prenatal complications, like premature delivery and birth deformities. High doses of the drug may cause a baby’s blood pressure to rise rapidly, leading them to suffer strokes or brain hemorrhages before birth (Barbara L. Thompson, 2009). Methamphetamine-exposed babies may experience gastroschisis and other problems with the development of their intestines (National Institutes on Drug Abuse, 2009). As a result of methamphetamine use by their mothers, some babies may suffer develop mental and skeletal abnormalities and some babies are born without parts of their arms or legs (Joan Keegana, 2010). Because methamphetamine affects transmitters in the brain, babies often experience sleep disturbances and altered behavioral patterns (Drug Babies and the Effects of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy, 2011). These babies have been described as â€Å"irritable babies.† Full-term babies born to mothers who use methamphetamine will likely have difficulty sucking and swallowing, much like premature babies. Often babies born to meth-addicted women cannot tolerate stimuli such as human touch and light. These babies often display tremors and coordination problems (Using Illegal Street Drugs During Pregnancy, 2008). Babies whose mothers used methamphetamine during pregnancy may experience learning disabilities, growth and developmental delays (Methamphetamine use During Pregnancy, 2008). The effects of methamphetamine use on brain development may last for many years. School-aged children whose mothers used methamphetamine while pregnant are more likely to be hyperactive or to have attention deficit disorders, learning disabilities and unprovoked fits of anger (Methamphetamine use During Pregnancy, 2008). When pregnant women use marijuana it crosses into the baby through the placenta. Marijuana contains toxins that keep the baby from getting the proper amount oxygen that the baby needs in order to grow normally (Using Illegal Street Drugs During Pregnancy, 2008). Marijuana use during pregnancy is one of the lesser bad drugs; however, it could still pose detrimental problems on the growing fetus (Using Illegal Street Drugs During Pregnancy, 2008). Babies born to women who used marijuana during their pregnancy display altered responses to visual stimulation, increased tremors, and a high-pitched cry, which could indicate problems with nervous system development (Joan Keegana, 2010). During preschool and early school years, children who have been exposed to marijuana have been reported to have more behavioral problems and difficulties with sustained attention and memory than children who were not exposed (Joan Keegana, 2010). Because some parts of the brain continue to develop into adolescence, it is also possible that certain kinds of problems will become more evident as the child matures (Drug Babies and the Effects of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy, 2011). Pregnant women should not to use any drugs because they might harm the growing fetus. Although one animal study has linked marijuana use to loss of the fetus very early in pregnancy, two studies in humans found no association between marijuana use and early pregnancy loss (Barbara L. Thompson, 2009). Regardless of the situation, mothers should not smoke marijuana because of the possibilities of it causing harm of the baby. Tobacco is the most commonly drug used among women who are pregnant because the quit rate is surprisingly low. Only twenty percent of woman who smoke will quit smoking completely during their pregnancy (Vanessa E Murphy, 2010). Women who are heavy smokers are less likely to quit as well. Smoking during pregnancy can cause premature birth and can cause the baby to be little. Smoking while pregnant is also linked to placenta previa, placenta abruption and sudden infant death syndrome (Drug Babies and the Effects of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy, 2011). While smoking tobacco has long been linked to poor growth in a fetus and other short-term effects, it also has long-term effects on a baby whose mother smoked during the pregnancy. Only about twenty percent of women smokers who become pregnant quit (Drug Babies and the Effects of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy, 2011). With all of the health effects that tobacco can have on both baby and mother, pregnant women who smoke are advised to try and quit for their own health and the health of their child (Miles, 2009). Children born to mothers who smoke tobacco tend to be more impulsive and have more trouble learning and developing. Infants whose mothers smoked while they were in the pregnant are more likely to exhibit lower scores on mental tests at age one and to have lower grades overall during the school years than children whose mothers who did not use tobacco (Vanessa E Murphy, 2010). The risk of a learning disability, such as dyslexia, rises twenty-five percent in children whose mothers smoked a pack or more of cigarettes a day. Babies born to smokers may also have lifelong birth defects that impede mental development, such as cerebral palsy or mental retardation (Miles, 2009). Those whose mothers smoked moderately or heavily during pregnancy were over four times as likely to develop type two diabetes; also called adult onset diabetes, before the age of 33, which is considered an early age for developing this type of diabetes. The children of mothers who smoke are also more likely to become obese later in life. There is also a link between fetal exposure to tobacco smoke and future risk of cardiovascular disease (Vanessa E Murphy, 2010). Children who were exposed to tobacco smoke as a fetus are more likely to develop hypertension, or high blood pressure, than the children of women who did not smoke during pregnancy (Miles, 2009). This increase was originally thought to be correlated to the low birth weight typical of babies whose moms smoked during pregnancy, but when compared with children of similar birth weight, the smokers’ children had higher blood pressure at ages five and six than other kids. Mothers who smoke tobacco while pregnant may also affect their baby’s brain in ways that last a lifetime. These children are more likely to engage in criminal behavior and to abuse drugs than the children of women who did not smoke while pregnant (Drug Babies and the Effects of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy, 2011). Overall, mothers who are pregnant should not use any type of drug from illicit to non illicit because they can all have detrimental consequences on the growing baby, not just in the womb but later in life as well. Work Cited * Barbara L. Thompson, P. L. (2009). Prenatal exposure to drugs: effects on brain development and implications for policy and education. National Institutes of Health , 10 (4), 303-312. * Delaney-Black, V. (2010). Prenatal and Postnatal cocaine exposure predict teen cocaine use. Neurotoxicology and Teratology , 110-119. * Drug Babies and the Effects of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy. (2011). Retrieved May 19, 2011, from The Good Drugs Guide: www.thegooddrugsguide.com * Gale A. Richardson, L. G. (2010). Prenatal cocaine exposure: Effects on mother-and teacher-rated behavior problems and growth in school-age children. Neurotoxicology and Teratology , 69-77. * Joan Keegana, M. P. (2010). Addiction in Pregnancy. Journal of Addictive Diseases , 29 (2), 175-191. * Methamphetamine use During Pregnancy. (2008, October). Retrieved May 19, 2011, from North Dakota Department of Health: www.nddh.com * Miles, M. (2009). Challenges for midwives: pregnant women and illicit drug use. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing , 28 (1), 83-90. * National Institutes on Drug Abuse. (2009). Retrieved May 18, 2011, from National Institutes of Health: www.nida.nih.gov * Using Illegal Street Drugs During Pregnancy. (2008, October). Retrieved May 19, 2011, from American Pregnancy Association: www.americanpregnancyassociation.org * Vanessa E Murphy, V. L. (2010). The effect of cigarette smoking on asthma control during exacerbations in pregnant women. Thorax , 739-744.

The Investigation of the Controlled and the Automatic Processes Employing the Stroop Effect Experiment.

The investigation of the controlled and the automatic processes employing the Stroop effect experiment. Abstract The interference between the controlled and the automatic processes was observed in the Stroop effect type experiment using two different conditions. The original Stroop effect experiment concluded that the participants will find it more difficult to complete the reading task of the words related to colour meaning in comparison to the reading task of non-colour related words. The result of Stroop experiment supported the notion that control and automatic processes can obstruct each other in certain tasks.In the current experiment, the two conditions in reading task were modified to make them look more visually similar. The result indicated that despite of visual similarities, the automatic processes interfered with control processes due to the colour related properties of the words in Stroop condition. Introduction The large quantity of information we come across in our ev eryday life is staggering. It is very hard to understand how much of this information is taken in and how much of the information just pass by. It is up to cognitive processes to decide how much and to what extent the information is accepted for further processing.This selection process has been identified as attention. All of the above is indicating that our brain is not capable to process all the information available to us therefore attentional processes are required. Various theories were devised to clarify and explain the process of selection, such as a limited – capacity theory of Kahneman or bottleneck theory of attention by Broadbent (as cited in Edgar, 2007) However how much of this process are we aware of? Can we influence how much of the information is taken in or is it our subconscious which is in control?The attentional processes are divided between conscious – control processes and subconscious – automatic processes. Even though both processes oper ate in very different ways, they both can work simultaneously and both have their advantages and disadvantages. The control process is conscious, therefore easy to control, however it is using a large amount of the processing resources. Based on the experiments conducted by Schneider and Shiffrin (as cited in Edgar, 2007), it is assumed that automatic processed are not using up attentional resources as no conscious awareness is employed.The most famous experiment demonstrating the interference between the control and automatic processes was carried out by Stroop (1935). In the original Stroop experiment the participants were presented with a list of words printed in different coloured ink. In the first list, the words were names of colour printed in ink which never matched with the name of the colour – Stroop condition. Second list was containing a colour-neutral words. The participants were asked to read the name of the colour of the ink instead of the word itself. The findi ng was that in the colour-neutral words, the participants completed the task without difficulties.However, in the Stroop condition the participants found it more difficult as they were trying to prevent responding with the name of the colour rather than the colour of the ink. (as cited in Edgar, 2007) The experiment above is demonstrating one of the disadvantages of the automatic processes. Even though the automatic processes are not using up our precious attentional resources, they can interfere with the control processes as we are not able to just turn them off. To test this theory further a present experiment was created using both the Stroop condition model and the control condition.However, the Stroop condition was modified to include the colour-related words rather than the names of the colour. The words used were such as blood or carrot with strong relation to the certain colour. The words were printed in the colour ink not matching with the colour related to the word. Even t hough the control condition contained the non-related colour words, the words were visually very similar to the words in Stroop condition. The research hypothesis was that as in Stroop condition the participants will find it more difficult to read colour-related words. This is one-tailed hypothesis.The null hypothesis was that there wouldn’t be any difference in time taken to complete reading task of each list. Method Section Design The design employed in the experiment is a within-participants design. The independent variable was a reading task of the colour of the words printed on the list provided. The independent variable had two conditions, the Stroop condition and control condition. The Stroop condition contained the colour-related words printed in incompatible colour ink with the word and the control condition contained non-colour related words printed in various colour inks.The word list in the Stroop condition had 5 words repeatedly printed in incompatible ink with t he word. The words in the control list were matched to the word list in Stroop condition to contain the exact same number of letters of each matched word. The word order and well as the colour order was matched exactly in the both lists. The dependent variable was the time measure to complete the reading task of each list. The measurement was complete in seconds by the researcher using a stopwatch and it was recorded to the nearest second. The participants were given the task individually in order to limit any confounding variables.Participants The twenty participants joined in this experiment were current students at the Open University and their friends and family members. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 69 and there were 12 females and 8 male participants. Materials The two visual stimuli were presented to each participant on A4 sheet paper in colour containing 30 words divided into two columns of 15 words. A stimuli for the Stroop condition contained 5 colours-rela ted words printed in incompatible ink with the word. The six colours used were red, yellow, green, orange, purple and blue.The words used in the Stroop condition were blood, lemon, grass, carrot, plum, sky. A stimuli for the control condition contained exact same number of word and same colours were used. The words matched with the Stroop condition. The words used have the exact same number of letters, they stared with the same first letters and they visually resembled the words in the Stroop condition. The words used in the control condition were blame, ledge, grade, carrer, plan, sty. Each word was repeated 6 times on each sheet. Both lists are included in Appendix 1.The standard instruction (included in Appendix 2) printed on A4 paper were read to the participants. The consent form (included in Appendix 3) was supplied to participants to sign. The data were recorded to the nearest second and logged on the response sheet. A stopwatch was employed to record reading time accurately. Procedure Each participant was approached and asked if they will be willing to take part in a cognitive psychology experiment with a focus on controlled and automatic processing of information. All participants were explained a basic of the experiment and asked to sign a consent form.All participants were tested individually. The age and sex of the participants were recorded prior to the start of the experiment. The full instructions were read to the participants and it was made sure that it was clear before proceeding. (Appendix 2: Instructions) All participants received the same instruction. Both lists were presented as A4 print out in coloured ink. Both lists were presented separately to the participants, only few seconds before asking the participant to read the colour of the words aloud. The first list to read was the Stroop condition list followed by a control condition list.With every other participants the order of the presentation of the list was switched around. Full expe riment took approximately minutes with each participant. The reading of each condition was recorded separately using an accurate stopwatch. The results were recorded on the response sheet. After the experiment the participants were informed about the hypothesis of experiment and explained the differences between the both conditions. Result The research hypothesis in this experiment was that participants will take longer to complete the Stroop condition.The time to read through the full list of each condition individually was recorded to the nearest second. As Table 1 is indicated, the mean response time of Stroop condition is 2. 65 seconds slower than the mean response in the control condition. The paired sample t-test was carried out using these data obtaining following result. The difference between these conditions is statically significant (t(19)=3. 933, p=0. 002, d=0. 44) Based on the information above the null hypothesis was rejected and the experimental hypothesis accepted. T able 1Mean and standard deviation of response time in secondsConditionMean response time (In seconds)Standard deviation Experiment (Stroop) condition23. 606. 533 Control condition 20. 955. 520 Discussion The result of the experiment above proved that despite of using colour-related words, rather than the name of the colour as per original Stroop experiment, the findings were similar. The participants found it more difficult to read the colour-related words printed in colour which didn’t match the visual perception of the certain word. The participants tried to avoid reading the colour of the word associated with particular word therefore this reading task took longer.Even though, the neutral words looked visual similar, and they were recorded in exact same colour order, the participants completed this reading task more quickly due to the lack of the meaning of the words and no relation to the specific colour. Therefore, in the control condition, only automatic processes were activated and there was no interference with the control processes and as a result the participants found this task easier. The control and automatic processes can interfere with each other doing certain tasks. Specifically, the automatic process of reading was interfering with controlled process of naming the colour of the ink.Nevertheless, the current experiment was conducted with only twenty participants. There is a possibility that if the experiment was conducted with much bigger sample the results may not be as conclusive. Especially , as further experiments indicated, the automatic processes can be influenced by individual strategies. To imply this notion to the Stroop experiment, it has been found that just by focusing on the first letter of each word, the automatic processes – the Stroop effect can be reduced. (as cited in Edgar, 2007) This would imply that automatic processes are not completely free and unconscious as previously suggested.In addition, the automatic a nd controlled processes are not completely fixed. For example, reading was controlled process before it was learned and became control process. This observation suggests that the relationship between the controlled and automatic processes is on continuum and can evolve with time. Gopher (1993) proposes that attentional skill can be learned to a certain extent depending on the situation or internal motivation. (as cited in Edgar, 2007) In conclusion, the result of the experiment is supporting the notion that the control processes can interfere with the automatic processes when trying to complete certain tasks.However, further experiments in this specific field would have to be conducted to determine the full extent of automatic responses and their relation to the control processes. References Edgard, G. (2007) Perception and attention, In D. Miell, A. Phoenix, & K. Thomas (Eds. ), Mapping Psychology (2nd ed. , pp. 3-50). Milton Keynes: The Open University Appendices: Appendix 1: Word lists containing experimental and control condition (not included) Appendix 2: Instructions (not included) Appendix 3: Consent Form (not included) Appendix 4: Raw data Appendix 5: SPSS print-out of t-test

Aristotle on Virtue essays

Aristotle on Virtue essays Aristotle defines virtue as acquiring excellence through the fulfillment of a particular function. Stating that all people are born with the potential to be virtuous yet they must act accordingly through their function. Any function good and well must possess a telos or end objective which a soul is in search of, and it is through the activity of the soul that a function may achieve its telos. Aristotle sees anything that moves as having a soul, consisting of nutrition, locomotion, perception, and rationality. However only the human soul is able to reason and rationalize leading to human excellence, eudemonia, and ultimately happiness. Virtue to Aristotle is not as much about knowledge as it is about the social activity of being good and moral to people. To Aristotle the sole act of listening does not make one virtuous, yet action towards the good does. However there are no definitive rules to follow in being virtuous considering practical circumstances vary so much. Aristotle believes moral virtue is to be learned through habit and practice, as a balance of two vices each deficient and excessive in their means of feeling, choosing, and acting well. Thus virtue comes from the rational part of our soul managing and controlling the irrational appetitive part as we deal with the emotions that arise in our soul when confronted with a situation. These moral virtues however are states of ones character as a disposition rather than a feeling or emotion, as feelings and emotions are not subject to praise or blame the way virtues and vices are. The moral excesses include recklessness, self indulgence, extravagance, vanity, and irrationality, which are faced with opposing deficiencies cowardice, insensibility, cheapness, humility, and apathy respectively. A balance of these excesses and deficiencies leads to one being virtuous and acquiring honor. In doing so one must avoid the extreme which is farther from the mean, as well as...

Free Essays on The Wrentched Earth

The Wretched of The Earth By Frantz Fanon Written in 1961 among the turbulent times of de-colonization in Africa, Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth is in one word formidable. It is formidable in the sense that it exposes the colonial system as an exploitative cultural, economic, and political system. It is one of the most concise condemnations of the colonial system. Frantz Fanon as a political author is unique in that he received his primary training in psychiatry. He provides an unparalleled look into the material forces that give colonialism its oppressive nature. As well as how psychologically this colonial oppression leads to a movement of national liberation among oppressed natives. The Wretched of the Earth is a political work employing psychology and a class-based approach to understanding the abusive quality of the colonial system, and the movement of national liberation that rises to challenge it. The content of this book spans 316 pages and is divided into 5 sections, which will be reviewed in detail . The sections are: concerning violence, spontaneity: its strength and weakness, the pitfalls of national consciousness, on national culture, and colonial war and mental disorders. Concerning Violence Violence is inherent in the colonial system. It is used as a method of subjugation to ensure complacency in all natives, and all of their duties. However, violence is not solely a physical phenomenon. It serves as a psychological reminder that recalcitrant behavior is to be met with brute force. On page 38, Fanon argues that in capitalist countries the educational system serves to induce certain morals. These morals, such as a protestant work ethic, and patriotism are a medium to ensure complacency with the established order. However in colonies the native population is subjected to police violence to ensure complacency. Fanon writes â€Å"In the colonial countries, on the contrary, the police ... Free Essays on The Wrentched Earth Free Essays on The Wrentched Earth The Wretched of The Earth By Frantz Fanon Written in 1961 among the turbulent times of de-colonization in Africa, Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth is in one word formidable. It is formidable in the sense that it exposes the colonial system as an exploitative cultural, economic, and political system. It is one of the most concise condemnations of the colonial system. Frantz Fanon as a political author is unique in that he received his primary training in psychiatry. He provides an unparalleled look into the material forces that give colonialism its oppressive nature. As well as how psychologically this colonial oppression leads to a movement of national liberation among oppressed natives. The Wretched of the Earth is a political work employing psychology and a class-based approach to understanding the abusive quality of the colonial system, and the movement of national liberation that rises to challenge it. The content of this book spans 316 pages and is divided into 5 sections, which will be reviewed in detail . The sections are: concerning violence, spontaneity: its strength and weakness, the pitfalls of national consciousness, on national culture, and colonial war and mental disorders. Concerning Violence Violence is inherent in the colonial system. It is used as a method of subjugation to ensure complacency in all natives, and all of their duties. However, violence is not solely a physical phenomenon. It serves as a psychological reminder that recalcitrant behavior is to be met with brute force. On page 38, Fanon argues that in capitalist countries the educational system serves to induce certain morals. These morals, such as a protestant work ethic, and patriotism are a medium to ensure complacency with the established order. However in colonies the native population is subjected to police violence to ensure complacency. Fanon writes â€Å"In the colonial countries, on the contrary, the police ...

Torres Surname Meaning and Origin - Family History

Torres Surname Meaning and Origin - Family History Torres  is a surname often  given to a person who lived in or near a tower, from the Latin turris, meaning tower. It was also bestowed as a habitational name from any of the many places named Torres. Torres is the 50th most popular surname in the United States and the 11th most popular Spanish surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Jewish Alternate Surname Spellings:  TORREZ, TORES, TOREZ Famous People with the Surname TORRES Dara Torres - American Olympic swimmerJuan Josà © Torres - Bolivian general and presidentToms de Torres  - Portuguese astrologerLuis Vez de Torres  - 17th-century explorer Where Do People With the Surname Torres Live? Torres is the 150th most common surname in the world, according to surname distribution data from  Forebears, found in greatest numbers  in Mexico and with the highest density in Puerto Rico, where it is the 3rd most common surname. Torres is also very common in Ecuador (6th), Peru (8th), Mexico (12th), Colombia (12th), Cuba (13th), and Andorra, Venezuela, and Argentina (each 15th). Within Europe, Torres is most frequently found in Spain, according to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, especially in the Balearic Islands, followed by the other regions of southern Spain. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Torres 100 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Hispanic last names? How to Research Hispanic HeritageLearn how to get started researching  your Hispanic ancestors, including the basics of family tree research and country-specific organizations, genealogical records, and resources for Spain, Latin America, Mexico, Brazil, the Caribbean, and other Spanish speaking countries. Torres Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Torres family crest or coat of arms for the Torres surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   Torres Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Torres surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Torres query. FamilySearch - TORRES GenealogyAccess over 5.5 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Torres surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Torres RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Torres surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries. DistantCousin.com - TORRES Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Torres.- References: Surname Meanings Origins: Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.ï » ¿Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Comparison and Contrast on American Funeral and Wedding Essay - 1

Comparison and Contrast on American Funeral and Wedding - Essay Example This paper illustrates that there are no joyous celebrations on the day of the funeral and the much diversity of color that characterizes a wedding day is usually replaced by black as the most dominantly conspicuous color. The American way of celebrating both life and death does not differ much with the way it is done by other societies. To offer an insight into the American culture in terms of funeral and wedding celebrations, two authors in their literary works cover this in an elaborate way. Rebecca Mead in her book, One perfect day, gives an introspective insight into the American society’s wedding. On the other hand, Jessica Mitford also gives an in-depth analysis of the American society’s funeral in her book The American way of Death. In this study, American weddings are discussed first. Nature dictates that weddings are done before funerals. In the book about American weddings, Rebecca gives an interesting and formal perspective to weddings as a one-day celebrati on which has implications on the lives of those involved. America consists of all the three economic classes; the poor, the middle class, and the rich. It should be noted that all the classes have their way of doing things. The way in which one decides to celebrate his or her wedding is largely decided upon by the economic class of the individual. Celebrities give more attention to style and publicity in their weddings. Their weddings are characterized by media and paparazzi coverage. They invite personalities who are of significance taking into account the fact that the prominence of the people in the guest list plays a role in determining the attention the wedding gets. This is a fact that in their case is of more importance than the essence of the wedding itself. Most celebrities fall into the rich and popular category; the way they do their celebrations is replicated all over the upper class of the American society. Business people, in their weddings, invite the rich and powerfu l in the business world and in so doing, they build and strengthen their business contacts. Â  To most of them, such social gatherings are an extension of business and christened, ‘‘business in the lawn.’’

Creative Accounting and Earnings Management Essay

Creative Accounting and Earnings Management - Essay Example According to the research findings it can therefore be said that financial statements are prepared by managers of a company or enterprise to represent the true and fair view of the affairs of the company. They are then used by the shareholders and other users of financial statements for the decision making process. It is a very critical part of financial accounting because it provides information for the users of financial statements to interpret and come to a conclusion about the performance of the company. Creative accounting practices are such malpractices in accounting which may be legal and in accordance with the existing accounting standards but may not be in line with the true spirits of the rules laid down under accounting standards. In other words, when financial statements are prepared by the relevant managers of a company that is inconsistent with the purpose or intention of the existing accounting standards, then it is said to be a practice of creative accounting. The man agers do so by taking advantage of the flexibilities available in the letter of the rules in accounting standards practices. Earnings management is a term which acts as a substitute for creative accounting. Trying to manipulate the earnings which are reported by the managers of a company, by taking help of some specific accounting process, is termed as earnings management. The company does so to influence its earnings in a short term horizon. Earnings management makes use of accrual accounting.... The accounting standards are revised often to help fill its loopholes. More and more regulatory measures are taken to keep a track on how the financial information is reported by the firms. These measures taken are proving quite effective in preventing current creative accounting practices, but the question is whether it will be able to stop these malpractices completely or not. It is indeed very difficult to put an end to creative accounting in future (Keupp, 2002, p.1). Key Elements of Creative Accounting It is not very easy to precisely define creative accounting. Still, three elements can be regarded as key elements of creative accounting. They are: a. Flexibility: Accounting is always associated with flexibilities present in it. While accounting, one can use their discretion to choose their own preferred way of recording sales or turnover of the company, the method of depreciation to be used by the company, the method of valuation of inventory, etc. This type of flexibility help s the managers of a company to represent the true and fair view of the company’s affairs and its earnings in the financial statements. However, in practice the case may be quite different. These flexibilities in the hands of managers can be used by them to present the company’s performance in a more favourable way than what it is in reality. These methods can be applied by staying within the regulatory framework. b. Account Management: Accounting policies can be utilized by the managers of a company to accomplish the objectives of the management of the company and may not fulfil the essential requirements of the users. It can thus be used as a tool that can be managed and not as a means to

MGT 511 session long project MODULE 5 Performance Management (walmart) Essay

MGT 511 session long project MODULE 5 Performance Management (walmart) - Essay Example The company ensures that the employees have all the tools, techniques which can assist them in improved overall performance as well as help in better results for the company as well (Aguinis). In terms of the weakness of the performance management systems, it is important to note that the company currently utilises a wide range of technologies and also a number of different innovations to keep the company’s sales and transactions in line and completely accounted for (Bacal). However, with the constant and intensive performance training the company leads to high levels of stress for the employees (Harvard Business School Press). Also, the company has been in the news for the low levels of pay that they provide the employees which in turn impacts the company’s performance and also impacts the company’s performance management system as a whole. In order to improve the systems, the company can focus on improving the work place condition for the employees and ensure t hat employees are given the right remuneration for their jobs and are not overworked (Bacal). Also, it is important that the company focuses on developing performance management systems which are focused more on the continuous training. However the company does not focus on the needs of the employees (Armstrong and Baron).

Week 3 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 3 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS - Assignment Example Then, the parties having an agreement need to have capacity. Also, the performance and subject matter of the contract need to be steady with public policy and have legality (pp. 131). A contract can be modified when both parties agree in changing the terms found in the original agreement. A contract could either be modified in part or in whole. This depends on the desires of the parties. Promissory estoppel applies when promises made earlier and are relied on, are needed to be enforced (pp. 143). This law applies when there is no use of a formal contract. For example, when an employee is promised to be paid a certain monthly amount for the duration of his work, an official contract may not be applicable unless the employer specifies that this is in exchange for a valued substance. A partial breach of contract is one which applies to an ancillary or minor detail of the contract (pp. 149). For example, this breach would take place if a plumber and a homeowner agreed to have the carpenter use a purple cloth on the chairs but the carpenter ends up using a red one. It is seen to be a partial contract as it does not go to the center of the contract. On the other hand, a material breach may be seen as a serious form of breaching a contract. The value of the contract is affected negatively by the breach. For example, let’s say the agreement between the homeowner and the carpenter was to use mahogany wood in making the chair as it is durable and strong. Because the carpenter wants to save some money, he does not use mahogany and instead uses a cheap wood that is not strong and durable. This is a material breach as the fault in the agreement’s performance goes to the durability of the

Arabic Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Arabic Culture - Essay Example The cultural identities of individuals are strong elements that considerably influence their ideologies and general mode of behaviour. The cultural paradigms of social structure become critical aspects of national identities and therefore important issue within state. Thus, media, especially the role of television in defining the cultures of Arab world and American society is important facet in the contemporary times. There is vast difference in the television programs of Arabs and America. While television is a popular media in the Arab world, the programs of the televisions are focused on the family lives and promote the Arab culture. They highlight obedience amongst children and emphasize the importance of religion within the society, showcasing family values and religious beliefs for leading a model life. The conservative values of Arab societies with parental control over children are vastly different to that of American television programs. American culture promotes individualism and highlights the independent views of the individuals. The American television programs also showcase the American liberal views vis-Ã  -vis personal views on all issues including sex, sports, fashion, religion etc. The liberal view of American society was not approved by the conservative muslin society of the Arab world. Hence, government control over foreign TV channels was applied in the Arab nations till a f ew years back. But in the recent times, the globalization has brought in new changes within the media and made foreign television channels like MTV popular amongst the youth in Arab. The American music channel in the Arab nations has introduced popular pop culture within the native music which has become instant hit with the young. Most importantly Arab television programs in the Middle Eastern societies are promoting democratic values and freedom of press. Al Jazeera is prime example of TV channel that brings forth critical issues of society and also that of

Week 3 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 3 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS - Assignment Example Then, the parties having an agreement need to have capacity. Also, the performance and subject matter of the contract need to be steady with public policy and have legality (pp. 131). A contract can be modified when both parties agree in changing the terms found in the original agreement. A contract could either be modified in part or in whole. This depends on the desires of the parties. Promissory estoppel applies when promises made earlier and are relied on, are needed to be enforced (pp. 143). This law applies when there is no use of a formal contract. For example, when an employee is promised to be paid a certain monthly amount for the duration of his work, an official contract may not be applicable unless the employer specifies that this is in exchange for a valued substance. A partial breach of contract is one which applies to an ancillary or minor detail of the contract (pp. 149). For example, this breach would take place if a plumber and a homeowner agreed to have the carpenter use a purple cloth on the chairs but the carpenter ends up using a red one. It is seen to be a partial contract as it does not go to the center of the contract. On the other hand, a material breach may be seen as a serious form of breaching a contract. The value of the contract is affected negatively by the breach. For example, let’s say the agreement between the homeowner and the carpenter was to use mahogany wood in making the chair as it is durable and strong. Because the carpenter wants to save some money, he does not use mahogany and instead uses a cheap wood that is not strong and durable. This is a material breach as the fault in the agreement’s performance goes to the durability of the

Enzymes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Enzymes - Essay Example The amino acid chain carries a unique shape which is tailor made to help the chemical reaction necessary for the amino acid to perform a specific action. Enzymes can therefore be considered to be catalysts for specific actions or reactions such as in the case of food digestion. These enzyme reactions are chemical processes that happen quite fast an are actually unnoticeable. In human beings, Digestive Enzymes are highly important in the process of breaking down digested food and its transformation into energy proteins. An enzyme is basically a part of the human DNA chain. The DNA of a person serves as the instruction manual of the biological system in the production of protein cells, which, for the basis of this research, we will call enzymes. Therefore, the Human Gene, which is a part of the DNA serves as the template of the human body in forming an enzyme. These enzymes are stored within cells which are molded and shaped for easy chemical recognition and reaction. This chemical pro cess will be discussed further within this paper. Scientists have been studying the importance of enzymes to the human anatomy for well over a century. The earliest enzyme studies date all the way back to 1835 when Swedish biochemist Jon Jakob Berzelius first recognized and named the actions he observed within the enzymes as catalytic. But it was not until 1926 when Cornell University's James B. Sumner was able to extract an enzyme in its purest form from a jack bean which he was able to successfully isolate and crystallize. He won the Noble Peace Prize in 1947 for this remarkable accomplishment. However, he shared this honor with two other people, John H. Northtrop and Wendell M. Stanley of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. They developed a precipitation technique which was used to crystallize several enzymes (Introduction to Enzymes, 2). Enzymes all come into existence because of proteins. These particular proteins have high molecular weight compounds ranging from 10 ,000 - 2,000,000 and are composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds (Introduction to Enzymes, 2). Enzymes cannot be taken for granted in the daily function of the human body. It is the most vital chemical component of our system because our heart, lungs, liver, eyes, skin, basically all our major and minor organs are dependent upon enzymes in order to keep our body in running condition. Without these enzymes, our body will not be able to prevent degenerative diseases, we will are at a rapid pace, and our energy will not be able to sustain our daily physical functions. Think of the enzymes as the monetary currency of our body. When we eat, we put a deposit into our enzyme bank where it is broken down by digestive enzymes and completely digested in order to insure the absorption of nutrients which our body can draw upon whenever our energy level runs low. If our body is deprived of enzymes, it will cease to function and will eventually die out. One must bear in mind however that since enzymes comprise different chemical needs of the human system, these chemical reactions that are necessary in order to sustain human life only occur when necessary. In actuality, the enzymes inside the cell direct which particular chemical will be triggered and created in order to sustain the energy level of a person. In order to reach this equilibrium state at the fastest possible time, enzymes lower the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction. This biochemical reaction numbers about 4,000 but the enzyme that serves as the catalyst is not consumed by the reactions which is why there is no alteration in the equilibrium and metabolic pathway of these reactions. These metabolic pathways are created by several enzymes working

Swot Analysis Dakz Performance Apparel Essay Example for Free

Swot Analysis Dakz Performance Apparel Essay Well-established organisational structure, comprising a Board of Directors and an organization of dedicated and passionate employees  §Stable executive management team that has largely been in place since the companys commencement Will Winsome, CEO, leads the Dakz executive management team, and has been an involved and engaged leader, manager and mentor at Dakz. He is very popular with Dakz employees. They admire his persistence and resilience, as well as the way he always seems to achieve his goals The core group of early employees have been individuals who love sport and exercise Team of in-house designers and sports scientists. The seven designers come from a variety of professional backgrounds.  §Janes most recent career achievement was the establishment of the flagship Australian retail store of a well-known European fashion manufacturer and retailer.  §Janes experience assisting Australian businesses to develop new markets internationally. She worked with a popular Australian stationery retailer to expand into Asia via a joint venture, and also assisted an Australian travel goods brand to establish a product distribution franchise model in Asia  §Ewan to pursue his passion for assisting a medium-sized, entrepreneurial business to grow and be successful. Dakz provides a high degree of flexibility to its employees to attend training sessions, competitions and championships, both domestically and internationally.  §Dakz also provides a generous discount on products purchased by employees, and holds a number of ‘family and friends special clearance sales on sample and discontinued lines throughout the year. The culture at Dakz has typically been one of energy and excitement Employer of Choice in the 2011 Australian Human Resources Association Employment Awards  §Olympics and a national distribution deal with a major sporting goods retailer  §Wholly Australian-owned Australian business Through recent product development, the company has been able to achieve close to 40 per cent market share in the Australian market for compression apparel.  §Dakz invests a considerable amount of its financial resources in  research and development of its products.

Ethical Issues of Undercover Police

Ethical Issues of Undercover Police Abstract When an officer goes on an undercover assignment, it is more psychological for the officer than anything else. Undercover assignments can cause havoc on the officers marriage, family relationships and even on his self. When officers go deep undercover for long periods of time, it sometimes can cause them to go rogue and become on the other side of the law. There are certain rules and regulations that officers have to follow while undercover, this paper will discuss these rules and regulations of being undercover as well as reviewing all the ethical dilemmas the two undercover officers faced while on assignment. Also, how a new supervisor could prevent that type of behavior with future undercover officers will also be discussed in this paper. It is so essential for someone that goes on undercover, to not get lost while on assignment. The focus is essential; they cannot lose focus. It may be exciting for some but some; it could lead them on a road of continuous unethical decision makin g. Introduction On many occasions, undercover officers are forced to be away from their family and friends for long periods of time. It can reek havoc on that family relationship because some officer’s attitudes change as well as their absence from the home. If they have children, it makes it that much worse. It is necessary for officers who go undercover always to follow the rules and regulations to avoid falling on the other side of the law and going rogue. If the officer does not follow the rules and regulations exactly, it is easy for them to get caught up in illegal activities. Undercover officers face ethical dilemmas all the time; it is up to them to make the right decision over the wrong one. If the officer makes the wrong decision, it can not only put them and the rest of the team’s lives in danger, but it could also cost them their career and land them potentially behind bars with the same criminals they put behind those same bars. Rules and Regulations of Undercover Assignments There are not many rules that are known to the public for the simple reason of not allowing the public to weed out those who are undercover. However, there is a two-drink maximum rule in place where officers are only allowed to consume two alcoholic drinks per night while undercover. However, while permitting specific illegal behavior on behalf of the police who are undercover, the public will lose trust in the police for the simple fact the police were allowed to legally break the law when if the people of the community did the same thing, they would be arrested and charged with no questions asked. Having public trust and moral authority is essential for the police in a democratic society (Joh, 2009). It is allowing the officers to be free of following the basic rule of law principles that are set in place. Every state has their own set of undercover rules and regulations, and they may differ from state to state. However, for the state of Oregan, the covert operations are explained in detail of what is and is not allowed while conducting an undercover investigation (0640.95 Undercover Safety and Operation Procedures | 0600 Field Operations | The City of Portland, Oregon, 2018). Officers who work undercover could work the assignment alone or with two or more team members. The most crucial thing for an officer to remember is never to have any clothing or items that are visible to the naked eyes that would reveal theyre true identity. So this would include, their badge, uniform, holster, anything that would be recognized as a police uniform (0640.95 Undercover Safety and Operation Procedures, 2018). In Portland, there are a few different rules that must be followed by the officers going undercover. A few of those rules include: The officer cannot consume any controlled substances. If a situation arises that the officer is being forced to use, they should refuse. However, if the suspect pushes more, the officer should take their self out of the situation and terminate the assignment. Another rule is for the officer always to be armed no matter where they are at (0640.95 Undercover Safety and Operation Procedures, 2018). Also, officers should not drink alcohol when on assignment, however, if the situation arises that they must they should refrain from drinking in excess. Nevertheless, if alcohol was consumed then the officer should report it immediately and cannot participate in any police activity until the effects of the alcohol have worn off (0640.95 Undercover Safety and Operation Procedures, 2018). The Ethical Dilemma’s Officers Face In the scenario, both officers made numerous unethical decisions that could have cost them both their career or even their life. When the officer’s get caught by their superiors of committing police misconduct, and they see no punishment for their actions, then it leaves the officer to continue their behavior and sometimes even escalate their behavior. For example, the more experienced officer, Tony, consumed many drinks, bought cigarettes and even played pool on the contingency funds. He also has purchased Marijuana with the same funds. Tony’s informant even gets paid fifty dollars from the funds needed for the investigation. However, when Tony sees’s the informant, he not only kisses her but also grabs her behind and makes an offensive statement to her. This is not necessary to keep his cover. He sounds like a jerk especially since he does not like to work as a team. He prefers to work alone. Even though Tony logged the expenses into the book does not mean all that he logged was accurate. When he paid the informant the fifty dollars, the receipt was not witnessed by Johnny until the next day. He was asked to witness the receipt of the transaction between Tony and his informant, but he lied because he was not there when the transaction occurred so he can not say for sure where that fifty dollars went. Over the past three years, Johnny has many accomplishments but also has had to face the consequences relating to a traffic accident while using an undercover car, being late as well as using inappropriate language and turning his reports in late. Noticeably, the more Johnny is around Tony, the more he is becoming just like him. He is disregarding his job, his family and other outside commitments. They both ditch work and go to the bar and drink until their shift ends. So now they are driving home intoxicated. Johnny has become just like Tony in regards to not being a team player. Tony has negatively influenced Johnny. Instead of showing him the right way to do things, he showed him the way he does things. However, by doing this, Johnny is now lying to his wife about his whereabouts as well as drinking excessively on the job which entails driving intoxicated. Coming in all hours of the night when he was not working or way after his shift ended. This is not the type of behavior of an o fficer, whether uniformed or undercover, should act. Johnny even using his unmarked car for pleasure without asking or notifying his superior. Preventing the Same Behavior in the Future When a new supervisor comes into the department, they should have an idea of how they want their unit ran. No matter how long any of the officers have been there, it is the supervisor’s job to make sure things are running efficiently as well as avoiding any misconduct from their officers (Dwyer, 2008). There is a set of code of ethics that is separate from the formalized rules and regulations. The supervisor should take the code of ethics and print them on a card for each officer. A small card they can carry around with them at all times, in their wallet or pocket. Every time they put they hand in their pocket; they will feel the card and glance at it. The problem with many departments, is some of the officer’s do not give the code of ethics a second thought (Dwyer, 2008). When these code of ethics have been violated by an officer, the consequence should be enforced and not pushed under the rug. The example should be made of these officers because then the newer officer s will get the idea that the supervisor nor the department is something to take lightly. By the police department being able to control their officers behavior as they see fit is essential when trying to accomplish the agency’s service goals and mission. Having the courts back the departments is also necessary. Rarely, officers who have made attempts to persuade the courts to make the departments relax the dictates has been deterred (Dwyer, 2008).   It is so important to have a department that has stability, and once the balance is shaken, the officer who is trying to go against it should be handled right then and there. There should not be a chance after chance because all that tell the officers is that its okay do not do it again, in which they do (Dwyer, 2008). Conclusion Every officer, whether in uniform or undercover, should have a code of ethics they follow. Most people are raised up with morals, and some carry those morals as they grow up, but some forget those morals after they leave home. Not only should a person have their own set of ethics to follow but also they should follow their department’s code of ethics. If more officers were reprimanded for violating any of the code of ethics set by their department, then maybe there would be less misconduct within the criminal justice system. There is no officer better than the other. Being on the police force means having a team of officers, not a solo officer who feels they can take on the world by their self. When the officers have that mentality, they sometimes end up on the other side of the law. References 0640.95 Undercover Safety and Operation Procedures | 0600 Field Operations | The City of Portland, Oregon. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.portlandoregon.gov/police/article/529154 Dwyer, T. (2008). Codes of ethics and officer discipline. Retrieved from https://www.policeone.com/legal/articles/1743985-Codes-of-ethics-and-officer-discipline/ Joh, E. (2009). Breaking the Law to Enforce it: Undercover Police Participation in Crime.  Stanford Law Review,  62.

Barnsley Venue Guide :: essays research papers

Music and Arts Guide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The following document features a variety of different venues in Barnsley, which are good for live bands or DJs. This should be of use to any unsigned band wishing to get gigs in the area. Some places might pay to have a band, others don’t. It all depends on the quality/ size of the venue and how well known you are as a band or DJ.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is Butterfield’s Bar on Market Hill, Barnsley. Tel: 01226 733854. It’s a trendy town centre bar, which serves a good range of food every day from 11am to 7pm. As far as evenings go, Wednesday is student night with two for one offers on all drinks and there is a DJ playing every Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday night. Butterfield’s also has bands playing sometimes when it is not a DJ night. Overall, It is a very clean and well-run bar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is Bodegas Bar on Pitt Street, Barnsley. Tel 01226 210220. Website – www.bodegas.co.uk. It is a lively student pub with Pool tables, Darts, two large TV screens and cheap drinks all the time. They have live bands every Wednesday, which are usually Rock or Heavy Metal in style.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chennell’s Bar on Pitt Street Barnsley. Tel 01226 210220. A popular pub for meals and drinks due to the low prices and decent quality. The dà ©cor is old-fashioned but this is still one of the busiest pubs in town due to the friendly staff and cheap drinks. It is not really a place where bands play often; however, It would be worth a try if you could not get gigs anywhere else.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Lord Nelson on Shambles Street, Barnsley. Tel 01226 737151. A student friendly pub with cheap pints upon production of student ID. There is a quiet bar upstairs with a pool table and plenty of room for drinking and eating. Downstairs is a music bar with a dance floor, which is open every Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday night. It is a fairly good venue with plenty of room both on the dance floor and the stage area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Durty O’Dwyers Bar on Market Hill, Barnsley. 01226 786100.Website – www.odwyers.co.uk. An Irish theme bar with associated dà ©cor and a good food menu from 11am to 3pm daily. It is a fairly small place with live bands on Wednesday nights and Sunday afternoons. There is also a practice room upstairs for  £10.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Panama Joe’s is on Pitt Street, Barnsley.

Calculation for Calorimetry

CALCULATIONS Determining the amount Limiting Reagent used. nlimiting reagent = Molarity x Volume or Mass / Molar Mass Example: Limiting reagent is 5mL of 1. 0 M HCl nlimiting reagent = Molarity x Volume nlimiting reagent = (1. 0 [mol/L]) x 0. 005 [L]) = 0. 005 mol Determining the qrxn and qcal. qrxn + qcal = 0 -qrxn = qcal qrxn = ? Hrxn x nlimiting reagent qcal = Ccal ? T qrxn = – Ccal ? T + mcsolid ? T (note: only if there is a precipitate formed in the reaction) Examples: 1) Calibration of the calorimeter given that: ?Hrxn = -55. 8 kJ/mol and nLR = 0. 005 mol qrxn = ? Hrxn x nlimiting reagent qrxn = -55. 8 [kJ/mol] x 0. 005 [mol] = -279 J qcal = -(219 J) = 279 J (2) Determining the qrxn of a given chemical reaction: NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq) ? NH4+ (aq) And given that: ? T = 3. 5 Â °C and Ccal=111. 6 J/Â °C qrxn = – Ccal ? T + mcsolid ? T qrxn = -( 111. 6 [kJ/Â °C] x 3. 5 [Â °C]) = -390. 6 J qcal = -(-390. 6 J) = 390. 6 Determining the Ccal. Ccal = qcal / ? T Example:Giv en qrxn = -279 J and ? T = 2. 5 Â °C Ccal = -qrxn / ? T Ccal = -(-279 J) / (2. 5 Â °C) = 111. 6 J/Â °C Determining the experimental ? Hrxn. ?Hrxn = qrxn / nLR Example: Given: NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq) ? NH4+ (aq) With qrxn = -390. 6 J and nLR = 0. 005 mol ?Hrxn = qrxn / nLR ?Hrxn = -390. 6 J / 0. 005 mol = -78. 1 kJ/mol Determining the theoretical ? Hrxn. ?Hrxn = ? nproductHÂ °f product – ? nreactantHÂ °f reactant Example: Given that: NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq) ? NH4+ (aq) Substance? HÂ °f (kJ/mol) NH3 (aq)-80. 9 H+ (aq)0. 00 NH4+ (aq)-132. 51 ?Hrxn = ? nproductHÂ °f product – ? nreactantHÂ °f reactant ? Hrxn = {-132. 51 kJ/mol}-{-80. 29 kJ/mol} = ?Hrxn = -52. 2 kJ/mol Determining the %error. %error = (|? Hexperimental – ? Htheoretical|) / (? Htheoretical) x 100% Example: Given: ? Hexperimental = -78. 1 kJ/mol and ? Htheoretical = -52. 2 kJ/mol %error = |(? Hexperimental – ? Htheoretical) / (? Htheoretical) | x 100% %error = |(-78. 1 kJ/mol) – (-52. 2 kJ/ mol) / -52. 2 kJ/mol| x 100% = 49. 6 %

Crime Rate in Centervale Essay

If one was to compare the crime in Centervale to that of Alaska or Alabama it would be clear that Centervale has the highest crime total. If one was to compare the crime rate it would be clear that Alabama has in fact the highest crime rate with Alaska and then Centervale sitting very close in numbers. Alabama has the highest population and Alaska has the lowest, but this would mean that Alabama would not be the safest place to live. In fact an individual would want to live in either Alaska or Centervale. Centervale has a lower aggravated assault rate than that of Alaska, but Alaska has a lower robbery rate that that of both Centervale and Alabama. When looking for a new place to locate its always a great decision to check out how a city, county, suburb, or state hold up against that of other similar places when it comes to crime. No one wants to live in a place where they are afraid to leave their homes. When looking at the actually numbers Centervale is the highest followed by Alabama and then Alaska, but if an individual was to look at the crime rate then it would appear that Alaska has the highest followed by Alabama and then Centervale, but both Alabama and Centervale are very close in rate percentage. Alaska has a problem with alcohol related crimes, whereas in other locations in the United States drugs and alcohol are secondary to the crime. Information Importance This kind of information is important due to the growing concern that most individuals and families have about the crime not only in their local neighborhoods, but also in places that they may be considering locating too. It’s also important to find out what programs are in place to keep the crime rate reduced. Each neighborhood has some sort of program in place to help keep children and adolescents occupied so they are less likely to go out and commit a crime, but crime doesn’t always involve children and adolescents. Crime can and is often committed by adults. Read more:  India Crime Rate Most communities have an early childhood development program in place. It’s been stated by Paul Leighton (2007), that children enrolled in this program have â€Å"half as many criminal arrests, less likelihood of going to jail, higher earnings and property wealth, and a greater commitment to family†. There are also drug treatment, recreation, gang- prevention, education, special curricula, job training, and the labor market (Leighton, 2007). When moving to a new community an individual can call around to find what programs have been put into place to reduce the crime rate and what else can be done to help reduce the crime. Parents with small children wish to make sure that they are bringing their children to a safe environment with programs set in place to help the children and adolescents occupied after school. Definitions of Crime Crime is defined as â€Å"the act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law† (Merriam-Webster, 2013). Alabama and Alaska differ when it comes to crime punishment. Alaska abolished its capital punishment in 1957, but has since then tried to reintroduce it to no avail. Alabama on the other hand does have capital punishment and certain crimes can lead to the death penalty. These crimes are capital murder charges, rape, robbery, and burglary. Alaska imprisons their convicted criminals for either short period of times to life. In both states children and adolescents are charged as juveniles unless found to have committed an adult crime such as murder (non-accidental), robbery that ends up with loss of life or assault or rape. Rape charges can be difficult to try depending on the age of the child or adolescents and how much understanding of the charges and their understanding of right and wrong. Charging children in an adult court can be difficult to do since their understanding and reasoning is far different and underdeveloped than that of an adult. Recommendations Recommendations to help reduce the crime rate would to beef up the police and special crime units to help get a grasp on the crime in the state. Have better programs put into place within the prisons/jails. This will give a positive opportunity and outlet for the prisoners so they will not wish to reoffend. Allow employers that wish to hire ex-convicts the opportunity to sit down with the convict prior to their release. This will give the individual something positive to look forward to and a better outlook on life. Have programs set up for ex-cons along with programs set up for those who may need a positive outlet. Ex-cons need the structure to help them adapt better to outside life than to be just â€Å"dumped† on the streets after their sentence with the hopes of not reoffending. Many individuals feel they have nothing â€Å"outside† so why even try. In many cases this is true, the individuals family and or friends have given up on them or they have a difficult time finding a job, so they do what they believe is the only thing left and this causes them to reoffend. Conclusion In conclusion crime is a scary thing for any family or individual, but with careful consideration and knowing the facts needed one can make the correct decision. Many criminals that are within the prison/jail system are those who have reoffended, but due to the unknown these individuals tend to end back up within the system. Families and friends of those ex-cons need to be there for the individual for emotional support. Those who don’t have the proper support feel alone and often believe they need to be back where they were. References Crime in the United States. U.S. Department of Justice (2009). Retrieved from http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/data/table_05.html What Every American Should Know About the Criminal Justice System. Leighton, Paul (2007). Stop Violence. Retrieved from http://stopviolence.com/cj-knowledge.htm Merriam-Webster. Crime (2013). Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/crime

Consideration is the essential element Essay

Introduction 1 According to Lord Pollock’s definition of consideration which is an act or forbearance of one party, or the promise thereof, is the price for which the promise of the other is bought and the promise thus given for value is enforceable.2 Besides that, consideration must be something of value given or promised in exchange for the promise given by the other party in order for a valid contract to be formed.3 The term â€Å"something of value† can be defined as a payment, an act or services, an object or giving up legal right. There are certain rules of consideration that have been established in the precedent case. The first rule of consideration is it will only exist when a contract is to be enforceable.4 Secondly, a good consideration can be done in the present and future but not the past.5 A consideration can be done even though the promisor has no knowledge of it.6 The fourth rule of consideration is it does not have to be adequate or commercially realistic.7 Also, consideration must be tangible and cannot be too vague. 8 Lastly, consideration must be legally sufficient in the eye of the law.9 The objective of this research essay is to discuss and explain the rule of the consideration which is consideration does not have to be adequate or commercially realistic but it has to be sufficient and how these legal concepts relate to the cases. Thus, this research essay also discusses whether Australia contract law should provide greater clarity about what is sufficient consideration. Consideration can be Nominal It is one of the rules of consideration where consideration does not have to be adequate or commercially realistic.10 This rule simply means that the price in return does not have to be right.11 Thus, court will not look into whether the price is adequate or not, as long as some price is paid, the court will not look further about it. Even though it is a very low price or a nominal price is paid or promised, the price might be a price in name only. The case of Thomas v Thomas12is often cited on this rule. In the case of Thomas v Thomas where Thomas was ill and he had made a will but had made no provision for his wife’s residence after his death. He called his executor and requested that when he died his wife could live in his house until her demise. The executor agreed and later drew up an agreement with  the Thomas’s wife. She was requires to pay $ 1.00 per year to stay in the house until she died. The court held that, any amount of money is enough to support a contract even though the price that requires to paid was only a nominal price. Thus, the court will not look behind the price as long as a price is paid or promised. Through the case of Thomas v Thomas, it shows that any some of money even it is small or nominal, it will constitute good consideration for a contract.13 Besides that, the court are not involved in the price detailed for two reason which the first is the â€Å"freedom of contract† principle applies and the second reason is that the case wouldn’t end if the court did look into more detail of the price to be paid.14 Furthermore, consideration does not only express in currency terms, it can also be anything valuable. This concept has been stated in the case of Chappell & Co v Nestle Co Ltd.15 In the case of Chappell & Co v Nestle Co Ltd, Nestle want to promote their sale of the chocolate, they offered recorded music to the public for the sterling equivalent of 15 cents, but buyers had to also send in the wallpaper from three 5 cents chocolate bar. Where, Chappell owned the copyright of one of tunes in the free record so they charge Nestle 6.25% of the retail selling price. Chappell claimed revenue of 6.25% of the record price plus the value of three chocolate bar wrappers. The court held that the empty wrappers were part of revenue collected. The fact that the empty wrappers have no intrinsic value to Nestle was irrelevant. Thus, the consideration for the free record was the money plus the value of three chocolate bars wrappers. As we can see from the case of Chappell & Co v Nestle Co Ltd, the chocolate bars wrappers would have constituted sufficient consideration in the eye of the law.16 Therefore, consideration does not only express in money term, it can also be anything that is valuable. Consideration must be tangible This is another rule of consideration where it must not be too vague or indefinite.17 Consideration must be tangible but not nebulous.18 This has been shown in the case of White v Bluett.19 In White v Bluett, a son  borrowed money from his father and signed a â€Å"promissory note† to prove the debt. He notices that similar loans were made by his father to his brother without a note having been signed. He harassed his father, and his father told him that he would forgive the repayment of debt if the son ceases the harassment. After the father died, the administrator of the estate found out the note and sued the son but the son argued that the debt had been forgiven in consideration of his undertaking to cease harassment. The court held that there is no consideration as the promise was too vague to have legally recognized value. From the case of White v Bluett, it shown that if a promise is relied on as consideration is too vague and indefinite that the courts will not enforced it and it will not constitute consideration.20 Consideration must be Legally Sufficient This rule simply mean that consideration must be sufficient and it must have a legally value recognised value.21 Thus, a mere moral obligation or the natural love and affection do not deliver sufficient consideration.22 This has been shown in the case of Eastwood v Kenyon.23 In this case, as a guardian, Eastwood had incurred many expenses for the girl. 24 As an adult, the girl and her husband Kenyon promised to pay Eastwood.25 At the end, they refuse to pay back then Kenyon was sued upon this promise. Therefore, the situation show that such a moral obligation is not a consideration.26 Besides that, in general rule a promise to perform an existing obligation is not a sufficient consideration as it promises no more than what that party already bound to do.27The rule expresses the concept of illusory consideration. Thus, when there is a promise not to sue, or when there is an abandon to a claim, it can be a sufficient consideration. This has been shown in the case of Wigan v Edward28. Where the court decision is that, given that the buyer honestly believed that they do not need to settle unless he rectified the defects, the compromise of that belief provided good consideration for the builder’s promise.29 Furthermore, performing an obligation under a pre-existing contract is not a good consideration for a new promise for extra payment unless the performance of the obligation requires additional tasks to be completed or  involves providing additional practical benefit to the promisor.30 The additional practical benefit is an exception to the rule that a promise to carry out a pre-existing duty may create valid consideration. This has been show in the case of Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls (Contractors).31 In Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls, Roffey were a firm of builders contracted to renovate a block of flats. Their own contract contained a penalty clause for late completion, so it was in their interest to finish the work in time. Part of this work they sub-contracted to Williams. As work progressed, Williams fell behind schedule because, they claimed, they had not set an adequate price for the work. They negotiated a new deal with Roffey that an additional sum was to be pay on the completion of each building. When the next building was complete, Roffey refused to pay. The court held that, there was consideration in this case as the new agreement conferred additional practical benefit on Roffey, in particular an early completion would allow them to avoid the exercise of the penalty clause. As we can see from the case of Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls, a promise to perform an existing contractual duty does not provide valuable consideration but the case show that Roffey had provide additional practical benefit and then consideration exist. Conclusion In conclusion, consideration must be of sufficient value in the eye of law and it must be something that identifiable and tangible. Thus, it does not have to be commercially adequate to the promise as the parties are free to make their own bargains and the court will not get involve into the commercial adequacy.32 Therefore, Australia Contract Law should not provide greater clarity as it is a sufficient consideration.

Nurse Practitioner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nurse Practitioner - Essay Example This entails following up on my patients’ well being, as per the clinical guidelines (Hollier, A., & Hensley, 2011). This role will display the dedication I have towards health promotion, disease prevention and treatment, as working in a clinic setting is my passion. The type of organization I expect to practice my nursing profession is a clinical setting. A clinic setting is a health care facility that is focused on the health of patients, with intent of serving the community. The clinic provides a variety of health care services and treatment. It is essential to have clinical experience so as to work in a clinical organization. In order to obtain clinical experience, I have learnt that I have to be involved and dedicated in the health care center. My education as a nursing professional has sharpened my clinical skills, thus giving me a chance to practice clinical medicine; that is to help the doctor when examining a patient. As a registered FNP, I will perform duties like physical examinations to patients, obtain health histories, diagnosis, and to prescribe treatment aimed in improving the patients’ conditions. Moreover, I will also perform functional, development, and psychosocial assessment (Wyckoff et al., 2009). This means that at times I will work together with a doctor, and at other times completely independent of a doctor. As an Independent and advanced nurse practitioner, I purpose to come up with perfect solutions for my future workforce. Thus, I will promote the best health care practices and service (Ho llier & Hensley, 2011). The Florida Board of Nursing will support my role in the clinical setting that I expect to work. This is based on the fact that this board will license my nursing profession. The board will support my role of nursing in the clinical organization by ascertaining that I am a qualified medical practitioner with the appropriate skills that are required. It will

Biology Cuddlefish and Camouflage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biology Cuddlefish and Camouflage - Essay Example Cuttlefish have a short life span and a high growth rate. They are active swimmers with a predatory lifestyle, feeding largely on crabs, prawns, and fish. Cuttlefish possess eight forward-reaching arms specialized to grasp the prey after it has been captured using an additional pair of elongated tentacles (Chaddha, 2007) with a single suction cup at each tip. In the middle of the eight arms, there is a small beak, which cuttlefish use to break open the shells of mollusks, crabs, and other crustaceans (Animal Guide, www.pbs.org). According to Chaddha, â€Å"The arms are also important for a defensive display in which the cuttlefish sucks water into its mantle cavity and spreads its arms in order to appear larger to its potential opponent.† (2007). Like all cephalopods, cuttlefish possess a highly developed central nervous system with a well-defined brain. Their brain-to-body size ratios are the highest among all invertebrates. â€Å"The cuttlefish brain can handle input from a variety of senses, including sight, smell, and even ‘sound’ (in the form of pressure waves).† (Chaddha, 2007). 3. Cuttlebone. The internalization of the shell that occurred with evolution in the cuttlefish has helped them to become efficient swimmers. The internal shell of a cuttlefish, called the cuttlebone, retains air spaces and controls buoyancy making it functionally equivalent to swim bladders in fish (Chaddha, 2007). It also prevents them from colonizing the deep oceans since the pressure would cause a gas-filled shell to implode.