Eleutherodactylus (Greenhouse Frogs) :: essays research papers

Eleutherodactylus p. planirostris, or more commonly the Greenhouse frog, is from the Leptodactylidae family. They were unintentionally introduced to Florida around 1875. Their numbers have continued to grow and they are now very common among South Florida with increasing inhabitants around the panhandle. Greenhouse frogs have a reddish-brown appearance with either dark blotches or 2 dark stripes down their backs. They are relatively small in size usually growing to about an inch to and inch and a half in length. Often, the greenhouse frog is confused with cricket frogs (genus Acris). However, this type of frog has webbing between their toes which the greenhouse frog lacks. As their name describes, the greenhouse frog lives in greenhouses or lawns. They prefer a moist environment with a relatively high humidity rate which may be why they have flourished in Florida. Greenhouse frogs are a terrestrial species as well as being nocturnal. They feed on other small invertebrates such as insects, spiders, and snails. Naturally occurring in certain Caribbean Islands such as Cuba, the Cayman Islands, and the Bahamas these frogs may have been brought to Florida by importing tropical plants from these areas. They dwell underneath leaf litter and can go undetected. A common trait that distinguishes this type of frog from others is that they lay their eggs on land rather than in water. This is due to the fact that the greenhouse frog does not go through the tadpole stage. The infant frog is merely a smaller version on it’s parents. Some major problems that this species of frog has caused in the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem include: uncontrollable density, over-consumption of prey, and a negative effect on native birds and snakes. Greenhouse frogs consume approximately 45,000 prey items per acre per night (16 million per year). This over-consumption of prey is having detrimental effects of the small invertebrate population. Spiders, snakes, and snails are being consumed far faster than they are being reproduced causing a gradual extinction of these species. This also has an effect on native birds and snakes. If the greenhouse frogs consume all of the small invertebrates in a specific area they will slowly starve other animals that feed on the same prey. Eleutherodactylus (Greenhouse Frogs) :: essays research papers Eleutherodactylus p. planirostris, or more commonly the Greenhouse frog, is from the Leptodactylidae family. They were unintentionally introduced to Florida around 1875. Their numbers have continued to grow and they are now very common among South Florida with increasing inhabitants around the panhandle. Greenhouse frogs have a reddish-brown appearance with either dark blotches or 2 dark stripes down their backs. They are relatively small in size usually growing to about an inch to and inch and a half in length. Often, the greenhouse frog is confused with cricket frogs (genus Acris). However, this type of frog has webbing between their toes which the greenhouse frog lacks. As their name describes, the greenhouse frog lives in greenhouses or lawns. They prefer a moist environment with a relatively high humidity rate which may be why they have flourished in Florida. Greenhouse frogs are a terrestrial species as well as being nocturnal. They feed on other small invertebrates such as insects, spiders, and snails. Naturally occurring in certain Caribbean Islands such as Cuba, the Cayman Islands, and the Bahamas these frogs may have been brought to Florida by importing tropical plants from these areas. They dwell underneath leaf litter and can go undetected. A common trait that distinguishes this type of frog from others is that they lay their eggs on land rather than in water. This is due to the fact that the greenhouse frog does not go through the tadpole stage. The infant frog is merely a smaller version on it’s parents. Some major problems that this species of frog has caused in the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem include: uncontrollable density, over-consumption of prey, and a negative effect on native birds and snakes. Greenhouse frogs consume approximately 45,000 prey items per acre per night (16 million per year). This over-consumption of prey is having detrimental effects of the small invertebrate population. Spiders, snakes, and snails are being consumed far faster than they are being reproduced causing a gradual extinction of these species. This also has an effect on native birds and snakes. If the greenhouse frogs consume all of the small invertebrates in a specific area they will slowly starve other animals that feed on the same prey.

The American Renaissance: An American Style of Writing

The American Renaissance, a period which spanned from the 1830s to the end of the Civil War, is widely acknowledged as the establishment of America’s literary history. Despite their usage of classical styles such as Romanticism and Gothicism, the writers of the aforementioned era (Ralph Waldo Emerson, Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, Herman Melville) succeeded in producing original works that were eventually regarded as the foundations of American literature (Michaels and Pease, 1989, p.127).The writings of these authors were noted mainly for their deviation from the restraints associated with established writing and philosophical disciplines, as well as criticism of prevailing norms and standards. Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter (1850), for instance, spoke out against Puritan hypocrisy (Gedge, 2003, p. 101). Thoreau’s works, which constantly emphasized the virtue of simplicity, challenged the American values of confor mity and success in terms of monetary gain (Kirklighter and Okawa, 2002, p. 60).In the process, the American Renaissance reflected the transition of the United States from being a British colony to a sovereign nation (Michaels and Pease, 1989, p. 10). The independence of their country left the Founding Fathers with the task of creating a political identity that was different from that of Great Britain. The writers of the American Renaissance, meanwhile, felt the need to declare cultural independence from Britain (Madsen, 1998, p. 70). To attain this goal, they came up with an â€Å"American style† of writing. The United States in the Antebellum EraThe 18th century was characterized with immense optimism on the part of the American people. The triumph of the American Revolution instilled in them a buoyant belief in human perfectibility (Cirtautas, 1997, p. 66). They likewise embraced democracy and its lofty ideal of equality regardless of class and education (Dietze, 1995, p. 59). Technological advances such as the telegraph, the railroad, the steamship and the turnpike resulted in immense economic growth by making the exchange of goods and services faster and more efficient (Abrams, 2004, p.17). Innovations like photography and powered presses stimulated the growth of American cultural life through the mass production of inexpensive books, journals and newspapers (Benesch, 2002, p. 56). The above-mentioned achievements, however, failed to address certain needs of American society. Despite its strong emphasis on egalitarianism, democracy failed to improve the lot of many disenfranchised Americans. In addition, several Americans became increasingly disillusioned with their culture’s fixation on material wealth and social respectability.Worse, the institutions that were supposed to guide the American public – religion, government, school and the family – were either too indifferent or perpetuated the materialistic and pretentious natur e of American society. â€Å"Jacksonian Democracy:† Democracy for the White Educated Male Although the Declaration of Independence held that â€Å"all men are created equal,† law and custom reserved this impartiality for the white educated male. Only white men from well-off families were allowed to pursue an education, own property and or vote. Women and African-Americans, in sharp contrast, remained marginalized.White men can batter, rape and or kill slaves with impunity. Furthermore, the lack of incriminating evidence did not spare slaves from punishment for alleged crimes (Stone, Epstein, and Sunstein, 1992, p. 504). Such a flawed model of democracy was later referred to as â€Å"Jacksonian democracy. † President Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) was a leader of contrasting principles – he staunchly advocated popular democracy and individual liberty, as well as slavery and Indian removal (Tyler, 1944, p. 21). Despite his key roles in the War of 1812 and the F irst Seminole War, Jackson’s inaugural speech contained the following words:I believe that man can be elevated†¦and as he does he becomes more God-like in his character and capable of governing himself. Let us go on elevating our people, perfecting our institutions, until democracy shall reach such a point of perfection that we can acclaim with truth that the voice of the people is the voice of God. (p. 22) Jackson’s ascension into high office despite his conflicting values was eventually used as a metaphor to describe the duplicitous form of democracy that prevailed during his time (Haskell and Teichgraeber, 1996, p. 192).In the context of â€Å"Jacksonian democracy,† only the white educated male had the right to life, liberty and happiness. Women, the poor and minorities, on the other hand, had no other choice but to resign themselves to their disenfranchised state. While all human beings are supposedly born free, they are not necessarily equal. Richer an d More Miserable Than Ever Even if the United States managed to obtain political sovereignty from Great Britain, traces of British societal norms are still present in American culture. Foremost among these customs are materialism and the fixation with outside appearances.Many wealthy Americans openly flaunted their wealth by assuming lifestyles that both emulated and rivaled those of the European aristocracy (Craven, 2003, p. 287). In the process, they became the symbol of success, respectability and industry. The poor, on the other hand, were dismissed as lazy and ignorant. Such a way of thinking proved to be very erroneous – most economic opportunities in Antebellum America were available only for white men. This, however, was not an assurance that they would have a decent life. Many entrepreneurs, especially plantation owners in the South, preferred slaves over hired hands.Furthermore, many white laborers were subjected to appalling working conditions. They toiled for near ly 14 hours a day in unsafe workplaces for wages that sometimes come in the form of cheap liquor (Reynolds, 1989, p. 352). Spiritual Emptiness Antebellum America saw the rise of Unitarian Christianity. The latter was a form of Christian humanism – it sought to realize the potential divinity in human nature. Unitarians believed that the highest form of worship was the celebration of human dignity through the discovery and maximization of an individual’s faculties and powers (Howe, 2007, p.614). Thus, many American Protestants during the aforementioned era used the humanistic spirit of Unitarianism to nurture many aspects of their country’s intellectual life and social reform. Schoolteacher Dorothea Dix, for instance, campaigned tirelessly for humane living conditions in insane asylums. Another educator, Horace Mann, instituted several important reforms in the American public school system (Howe, 2007, p. 615). Some thinkers, however, felt disenchanted with the ap parent coldness of Unitarianism.They felt that Unitarianism were so rational that they failed to address the emotional and spiritual needs of their followers. Emerson, for example, called for a creed which was sensuous and integrative but did not rely on tradition. He believed that Unitarianism’s strict emphasis on constitution and institution further divided society by promoting the law of the many. Because Unitarianism neglected the integrated world of the imagination, there was a big possibility that the law of the many would turn into the tyranny of the many (Nigro, 1984, p.45). The American Style of Writing: Breaking Away from the Status Quo The American Renaissance echoed the political, economic and social changes that were taking place in the Antebellum-era United States. Although the writers of the American Renaissance used classical styles such as Romanticism and Gothicism, their works reflected their deviation from the restraints associated with these writing and ph ilosophical disciplines. Their writings likewise criticized prevailing norms and standards in American society.In the process, the authors of the American Renaissance were able to challenge their audiences to confront the changes and responsibilities that are associated with sovereignty. Crossovers Many writers of the American Renaissance combined classical and contemporary styles in their works. As a result, they were able to openly discuss topics that were considered sensitive during their time. The writings of Whitman, for instance, were a blend of â€Å"romanticism (and) the open road of modernist form, vision and experiment† (McQuade, et al. , 1998, p. 1146).Such a bold and contradictory manner of writing complemented his candor about sexuality. Whitman’s poem The Sleepers (1881), for example, candidly discussed the taboo subject of masturbation. Sex manuals in the 19th century warned that masturbation was an indicator of insanity. Clergymen, meanwhile, denounced the act as a sin. Masturbators, therefore, were referred to in the aforementioned poem as â€Å"sick-gray (onanists)† (Killingsworth, 2007, p. 45). The term â€Å"onanist† was an allusion to the biblical figure of Onan, condemned by God for spilling his seed upon the ground (Genesis 38: 8-10).Contrary to popular belief during his time, Whitman regarded masturbation as normal. He hailed the masturbator as the natural man – the â€Å"spontaneous me† who was liberated from the repressiveness of convention. This release (â€Å"The souse upon me of my lover by the sea, as I lie willing and naked†) eventually culminated in the ejaculation of semen (â€Å"It has done its work – I toss it carefully to fall where it may†). Given Whitman’s aforementioned attitude towards masturbation, the poem viewed semen (â€Å"this bunch pluck’d at random from myself†) with nonchalance (Killingsworth, 2007, p. 45). Unmasking the Hypocris ySome writers of the American Renaissance attacked the deceitful norms of their society. The bigoted views of Puritan America on morality are one of the main features in The Scarlet Letter. A young woman named Hester Prynne was made to wear a scarlet â€Å"A† embroidered on her chest as punishment for adultery. Apart from having an illegitimate child as a result of her indiscretion, she also had to endure ostracism from her contemptuous neighbors. Her cruelest tormentors were the community’s Puritan elders, who believed that sin was something that should be punished and suppressed (Hawthorne, 1994, p. 44).Hester’s paramour, Arthur Dimmesdale, made her face guilt and shame alone for fear that his reputation as a righteous minister would be tarnished (Hawthorne, 1994, p. 58). Dimmesdale was Hawthorne’s way of showing audiences that even the most respectable people can be guilty of the worst acts of wrongdoing. Despite his religious background, Dimmesdale ha d an extramarital affair with Hester, who happened to be a married woman. Worse, he refused to take responsibility for his fault. Although their religion espoused forgiveness and compassion towards sinners, the Puritan elders harangued Hester endlessly.Hester and Pearl: Symbols of Change. Ironically, it was Hester and her illegitimate daughter Pearl who served as the symbols of change in The Scarlet Letter. It is revealed in Chapter V that although Hester was free to leave Boston and start a new life elsewhere, she opted not to (Hawthorne, 1994, p. 68). Indeed, leaving Boston for good seemed to be the best option for Hester – she could finally get rid of her scarlet â€Å"A† symbol and live as a respectable woman again. But running away meant acknowledging that the letter was a mark of shame and was therefore something she was trying to escape from.Staying in Boston, on the other hand, meant that she was denouncing society’s power over her by not denying the exi stence of her past sin (Hawthorne, 1994, p. 67). Pearl also served as a reminder of the importance of individuality and honesty to one’s self. In Chapter XVIII, Hester and Dimmesdale finally decided to take Pearl with them and flee to the colony. Before leaving, Hester removed the scarlet letter and tried to throw it into the stream – it landed on the far side instead (Hawthorne, 1994, 172). Pearl however, refused to cross the stream until her mother promised to reattach the scarlet letter (Hawthorne, 1994, p.180). Indeed, dishonesty with one’s self will remove characteristics that a status quo considers to be deviant, but are also integral parts of who an individual is. Conclusion The American Renaissance produced an American style of writing. The works that fell under this style deviated from the restraints associated with established writing and philosophical disciplines, as well as criticism of prevailing norms and standards. In the process, the writers of t he American Renaissance succeeded in challenging their audiences to confront the changes and responsibilities that are associated with sovereignty.As free people, they must create their own national identity instead of depending on British norms and standards. References Abrams, R. E. (2004). Landscape and Ideology in American Renaissance Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Benesch, K. (2002). Romantic Cyborgs: Authorship and Technology in the American Renaissance. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. Cirtautas, A. M. (1997). The Polish Solidarity Movement: Revolution, Democracy and Natural Rights. New York: Routledge. Craven, W. (2003). American Art: History and Culture.New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. Dietze, G. (1995). In Defense of Property. Lanham: University Press of America. Gedge, K. E. (2003). Without Benefit of Clergy: Women and the Pastoral Relationship in Nineteenth-Century American Culture. New York: Oxford University Press US. Haskell, T. L. , & Teichgraeber, R. F. (1996). The Culture of the Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hawthorne, N. (1994). The Scarlet Letter. London: Penguin Books. Howe, D. W. (2007). What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848. New York: Oxford University Press.Killingsworth, M. J. (2007). The Cambridge Introduction to Walt Whitman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kirklighter, C. , & Okawa, G. Y. (2002). Traversing the Democratic Borders of the Essay. Albany: SUNY Press. Madsen, D. L. (1998). American Exceptionalism. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. McQuade, D. , et al. (1998). The Harper Single Volume American Literature (3rd ed. ). Harlow: Pearson-Longman. Michaels, W. B. , & Pease, D. E. (1989). The American Renaissance Reconsidered. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Nigro, A. J.(1984). The Diagonal Line: Separation and Reparation in American Literature. Bridgewater: Susquehanna University Press. Reynolds, D. S. (1989). Beneath the American Renaissance: The Subversive Imagination in the Age of Emerson and Melville (6th ed. ). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Stone, G. R. , Epstein, R. A. , & Sunstein, C. R. (1992). The Bill of Rights in the Modern State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Tyler, A. F. (1944). Freedom’s Ferment: Phases of American Social History to 1860. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Robert Frost Explication Analysis - 1266 Words

Poetry Explication Essay The poem Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening was published in Robert Frost’s New Hampshire in 1924 (Pritchard). The poem is among the most easily recognizable and familiar works written by Frost. On the surface, this poem is a short encounter at the edge of a snowy forest. Perhaps its outer simplicity is what makes the poem stand out in the minds of readers. The straightforward structure and balanced rhyme pattern make it easy to recite and the imagery Frost evokes is both beautiful and engaging. However, this surface level is only a faà §ade to the underlying subject matter. As Ciardi puts it, the surface-level events display â€Å"†¦ the pretended simplicity of the narrative,† suggesting that Frost intends a deeper†¦show more content†¦He also doesn’t describe the physical traits or gender of the narrator (hereinafter referred to as male). This is an attempt to make the situation more easily relatable to a large pool of readers—representing any errand as well as any person. As Ciardi puts it, â€Å"The errand †¦ is left generalized in order the more aptly to suggest any errand in life and, therefore, life itself (Ciardi 14). Ciardi goes on to examine the man talked about in the poem. This man â€Å"represents the village of mankind† and thus tells us that the narrator is divided or has chosen to divide himself from society at least for a short horse-ride (Ciardi 14). This division is an important theme in the poem, instantly showing us that the reflection is a highly personal experience for the narrator. The horse in the poem, on the other hand, is the narrator’s connection to reality. Ciardi goes so far as to call the horse the â€Å"foil† of the protagonist for â€Å"disagreeing† with his actions—demonstrated in the line â€Å"My little horse must think it queer / To stop without a farmhouse near† (CITE). This horse has been subject to analys is by other critics as well, Virginia Faulkner explains that the horse represents â€Å"male sexual potency† (Faulkner 560). Though not many critics agree with Faulkner in the respect that the poem is â€Å"dealing with an amatory adventure,† the sexual connotations of the horse still adhere to its connection with the narrator through the symbolism ofShow MoreRelatedThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost912 Words   |  4 Pagesremorse in the thought of what could have been? Profound poet Robert Frost depicts this dilemma in his poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken. The Road Not Taken is a narrative poem consisting of four stanzas of iambic tetrameter and was published in 1916 in the collection Mountain Interval. In this poem, Robert Frost uses title, imagery, and theme to complicate and lead the reader to unknowingly misunderstand the poem. Through careful explication of these elements of Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† one may discoverRead MoreAnalysis of Acq uainted with the Night and Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening1471 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper first draft 16th Nov 2011 In a Dark Night, I Find My Answers. The two poems â€Å"Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening† and â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† written by Robert Frost are very similar to each other because of the simplistic form of language used and the uses of metaphors. When we first read the poem, it looks like an ordinary poem but once we go in depth and understand the meaning, it becomes so much more. Both of the poem has a very dark, gloomy and lonely setting with a reallyRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Birches559 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Birches  Ã‚   The discursive blank-verse meditation Birches does not center on a continuously encountered and revealing nature scene; rather, it builds a mosaic of thoughts from fragments of memory and fantasy. Its vividness and genial, bittersweet speculation help make it one of Frosts most popular poems, and because its shifts of metaphor and tone invite varying interpretation it has also received much critical discussion, not always admiring. The poem moves back and forth betweenRead MoreBusiness and Management2600 Words   |  11 Pages | | | |The Reader as Writer: Developing a Thesis, Drafting, and Writing an Argument (pp.45-63). | | | | |Reading Literature Closely: Explication (pp 101-114). | | | | |Reading and Writing about Stories (pp. 355-367). | | Read MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†

Operations Management Essay - 4889 Words

Innovation in Operations Management: Foreign Banking Industry Outline Company: The Banco de Oro, Philippines by (Name) Submitted to: (Professor) (Subject) (University) (Date) Table of Contents Background 3 Brief History of Banco de Oro, Philippines 4 Banco De Oro, Philippines 5 Vision, Mission and Values 5 Internal and External Analysis 6 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 6 SWOT Analysis 8 Pest Analysis 9 Organizational Structure 10 Type 10 BDO Industry Life Cycle 11 Organizational Structure 12 Industry Phase/Dominant Design 12 Leadership Style 14 Strategies amp; Tactics 15 Key Performance Indicators 15 Supply Chain Management 16 Controls 17 Financials 17 Recommendations 18 References 19†¦show more content†¦With its strengthening base, BDO has been able to merge with Dao Heng Bank in 2001, immediately increasing its branches from 108 to 120. Then in 2005, United Overseas Bank has been integrated with BDO in 2006, again increasing its total number of branches to 220. 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The State Of Arizona Should Abolish The Sb1070 Law

As Franklin D. Roosevelt said â€Å"Remember, remember always, that all of us, and you and I especially, are descended from immigrants and revolutionists.†As much as people try twisting the president s words, president Roosevelt meant that this country was founded by immigrants, and therefore we should be accepting. 11.5 million can stand for many things but, in this case according to Pew Research Centers 11.5 million is the number of illegal immigrants that live in the United States as of 2013.One thing that everyone know’s is that Arizona is the number 1 state in the United States that has the most immigration problems. Arizona s anti-immigrant law, S.B. 1070, Lets Police ask the immigration status of anyone arrested or detained if they suspect that the person is not in the U.S. legally. with this new SB 1070 law it makes it so it is a crime to be caught without papers in the state of Arizona. The state of Arizona should abolish the SB1070 law. Let’s begin wit h the negative effects of the SB 1070 law. Racial discrimination, that’s exactly what this law is doing to Hispanics, it is racially discriminating. These state officials are guessing who is an immigrant and who isn’t by the color of their skin. According to American Progress â€Å"Under this law any person of color, or anyone with a foreign accent, can be required to prove their status and be jailed—regardless of whether they are a citizen or an immigrant—until they can do so.† How would these officials know who’s an

A Doll House Essay Example For Students

A Doll House Essay In A Doll House, by Henrik Ibsen, Norah and Torvald are married, but Norah, according to Torvald is like a little lark; however, she is not who she seems. Krogstad is at the center of conflict. In the novel, he can be considered the antagonist; however, all he wants is to succeed in life. Although, he does choose the wrong path to achieve his success. Throughout the novel Krogstad is utilized to illustrate the corruption within the A Doll House. Nora, in order to save her husbands health ascertained a loan from Krogstad. She did this without her husbands knowledge. The loan acts as a catalyst and cause for the corruption in the novel. Once Krogstad issues the loan to Nora she deceives Torvald whom mustnt ever know about what she did to save his life (54). Instead Nora tells Torvald her father gave the means (53). Nora deceives her husband in order to keep his machismo superior. However, despite the loan Krogstad issues, his corruption stems even further into the play. The origin of his corruption is from his past, as Krogstad claims, he did something rather rash (64). The reader never knows what exactly he did but they do know it cost him his respect and reputation. After the incident he resorted to various activities (64), which Nora and her husband, Torvald are aware of. Thus because of his past Krogstad knows what must be done to survive. Taking the bank job was like the first rung in my ladder (64), Krogstad states, symbolizing Krogstads quest for redemption and respect as his sons grow up. Krogstad simply wants to earn back the respect of those whose respect he has lost, however, his means of achieving his goals are controversial and corrupt; fore it is the only way he knows how anymore. Once Krogstad learns Nora forged the signature and confesses, saying I signed papas signature (66), he has the bargaining chip he needs in order to control Nora and have her do what he wants. As a result of his needs, Nora must result to flirting with the well-off Dr. Rank, flirtingly saying he has been naughty (82). This portrays how the corruption transcends from Krogstad to Nora, using the loan papers as a carrier of the corruption, which, once it reaches Nora, then becomes a full blown epidemic like some sort of disease. The corruption eventually touches everyone, yet they are all affected by it differently. Krogstad was its host, Nora its carrier, and the community was its victims. The victim whom was affected by it the worst though was Torvald whom in the end lost his wife, revealing the uniqueness of this Aristotelian tragedy, in which it was their marriage that died. Despite all the bad acts of corruption and despicable methods Krogstad still had a catharsis. Mrs. Linde brings about his peripeteia during their first meeting in many years. During their conversation the reader realizes Krogstads acts from the past where to help Kristine. Kristine shows Krogstad he can still take it all back (97). Kristine acts as the vaccine for the epidemic that is the corruption. Instead of allowing Krogstad to demand his letter back from Torvald he encourages him not to so the truth can be revealed, thus allowing the deception to end and the need for corruption demolished. Without her the corruption of Krogstad would still be wrapped around Nora like a venomous snake, but instead he has an insight and corrects his wrongs, allowing Nora to be truly happy.

Ethical Hacking Techniques and Penetration Testing

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Hacking Techniques and Penetration Testing. Answer: Introduction There has been a huge development in the internet and networking technologies in the past few years (Siponen et al., 2014). With the advancement in the technologies the people have become very dependent on these technologies for obtaining knowledge. But this technology is also viable to breaches. The security breaches on the internet have been increasing with the time passing by. The report provides an example of one such incident that took place recently. It was reported recently that the Apple Store subjected to malware attack. The report contains information in details about the attack and also provides some recommendation, so that this type of security breaches could have been avoided. Apple Store Hit by Malware Attack According to the identityforce.com, it was reported that the Apple was subjected to malware attack recently. In the article, Apples App Store Hit by Malware Attack by the identityforce.com, on October 2, 2015, it was reported that the company had reported that about a dozen of apps that were infected by malware were discovered by the company ("September 2015 iPhone Hack", 2017). Until now the apple users have been experiencing a very high level of security. This is because the Apple Company does interact much with the third party manufacturers. In addition to this apple was not adopted to the level that the other companies were. Hence, the hackers did not target Apple to the extent that the other companies were. But recently security issues are being reported against the company. It was reported that the company had discovered several apps that were infected by malwares. It included some the very popular apps like WeChat, which has more than 500 million users. This report showed that the Apple Store can also be subjected to cyber-attacks on a large scale. It has been reported that the popularity and the increasing number of consumers of the company has made them a target for the hackers. It was reported that the App store was infected with the malware named XcodeGhost (Brockman, Stieglitz Cvetkovic, 2015). The program was found inside the legitimate programs of the App Store. It was fused inside the normal apps so that the user would not understand the defect of the app unless they download it from the store. The malicious programs that existed within the apps were detected by several cyber security firms. It was initially indicated by an e-commerce firm in China named Alibaba. They had discovered that the hackers had uploaded the altered version of the Xcode to one of the Chinese cloud storage service. The Xcode is the program that is used in the development of the iOS aps. In China and in various other parts of the network speeds might be slower. Hence, many of the developer tend to download the instances of the tool from other sources, and end up downloading the infected version of the tool. Although, Apple have a security tool named the Gatekeeper, but the in or der to develop the aps the coders would have to disable the security tool and use the XcodeGhost to develop the apps. Hence when these packages from the external sources are addd to the app code the app becomes infected and the infected app is uploaded into the store which infects the store in return. In addition to these millions of users have already downloaded these infected apps. All this users can potentially be affected to the harmful effects of the malware. The malwares have infected the popular apps so that more and more users could be affected by the security breach. The malware could obtain sensitive information about the users without the user even knowing about the attack. The malware would be able to send alerts to the device that is infected and can obtain the information about the user by tricking them into revelation of the information. The Apple Company have already taken down the apps that were infected from their store. In addition to this the company is looking into detecting more apps that were subjected to the malware attack. In addition to this the company should also look to enhance their security methods. The company should perform effective filtration techniques before allowing the apps to be uploaded on their store. In addition to this, the company should adopt proper testing techniques for the apps that are uploaded on their online store. Although, no instances of the user data being hacked was reported for the incident. In addition to this the users should also be aware of the situation. It is advisable for them to update or delete the reported apps. And also they should not be using the jail broken devices. So that they would be safe from the attacks of the malware. The report provides a brief analysis of one of the several incidents of security breach that are taking place lately. The incident of the breach that took place in the Apple store have been provided in this report. The process of the breach and the effect of the breaches have been provided in the report. In addition to this remedies have also been mentioned in the report. It could have been avoided if the company would have adopted a strict filtration process for the applications in their store. In addition to this the users are advised to update the apps regularly so that malware packages would be uninstalled from their devices. The hacking have had a great development in the past few years. Lately more and more hackers are encouraged to practice the technique (Craig Shackelford, 2014). This is a great development in the field of technologies. But in the recent time the technique is being used for illegal and unethical practices. This causes a great amount of problem for the society. In addition to this the practice is increasing day by day. The report consists of one of the incidents of hack case on the web (Elhai Hall, 2016). The report provide in brief some information about the telegram hack case. The procedures of the hack and the effect of the hack on the people have been described in the report. In addition to this some recommendation are also provided for the case. According to the Telegraph.com, it was reported that the hackers had gained access to a huge number of accounts on the messaging platform the Telegram. In the article, Iranian Hackers Attack Telegram to find 15 million accounts released on August 3, 2016, it has been reported that some Iranian hackers have gained access to the secure platform of messaging the Telegram (McGoogan, 2017). According to the report the security researchers have stated that the details of around 15 million users of Iran have been accessed by the hackers. The Telegram is considered one of the most secured messaging platform on the web. The hacking of the platform is a major case in recent times. The tool provides security and privacy to the users by the end to end encryption method. But the hackers that had used advanced methods for hacking into the systems. According to the report, the telecom companies have to option to intercept the messages that the company sends to the users when they are either logging into their accounts from a phone or some other devices. The hackers can easily use these intercepting techniques of the telecom companies and get access of the messages of the Telegram Company. In addition to this, there is also a chance that the Telecom companies are providing the data to the hackers and they are using it to set up the accounts on some other remote devices. This method makes the users vulnerable to the telecom companies and the hackers. Hence hacking into the sytem of the Telegram platform was unavoidable. According to the report around 15 million user in Iran were affected by the hack. The hackers could get the information of the users from the techniques implemented by them. The personal information of about 15 million users were available to the hackers. In addition to this the hackers could also intercept the messages that the users sent to each other. The reports on this case had spread fears into the minds of the users that were using the platform. They feared that most of their sensitive information that were contained in their messages would be available to the hackers. The common people also feared that very sensitive communications would be compromised. The people feared that they would be losing their privacy. In addition to this it has been also reported that about a dozen of telegram accounts have been compromised by the company. In addition to this since the Telegram is based on the phone numbers anyone can easily check the registration status of the phone number in the s ystem. Although the company have stated that, the users can continue using their accounts with the fear of breaches but they have not mentioned any such procedures by which they can protect their communications. The company have stated that do not block anybody who expresses the opinion peacefully. The company should try and increase their security constrains. In addition to this they should also look to improve their methods of communication. They should try and secure the communication processes. They should try and stop the telecommunication companies from intercepting into their networks. This reduce the risk of the communication information from getting hacked. The company has also stated that, the hacking is not a very serious issue. But the count of the effected users is around 15 million. Hence, the company should look into the security matters with more seriousness. Although the company blocks the terrorist bot and the channels, but they do not have a proper authentication process in place. In addition to this user should also be aware that they should not pass the sensitive information over the messages. In addition to this the users must follow the instruction provided by the company for securing their communication. The company advices the users to follow their two- step authentication process. The users should follow this process to keep their connections secure. Conclusion The hacking case of the Telegram Company have been provided in the report. The procedures of the incident and the effect of the hacking case have also been provided in the report. In addition to this information about some actions that could have taken by the company have also been provided in the report. The company should look to increase their security measure and should seriously look into the hacking case. In addition to this, the users should also be aware of the situation and perform their actions accordingly. They should follow the advices of the company to keep their connections secure. References Alapati, S. R., Gossett, S. (2014).Oracle WebLogic Server 12c Administration Handbook. McGraw-Hill Education. Annachhatre, C., Austin, T. H., Stamp, M. (2015). Hidden Markov models for malware classification.Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques,11(2), 59-73. Brockmann, T., Stieglitz, S., Cvetkovic, A. (2015). Prevalent Business Models for the Apple App Store. InWirtschaftsinformatik(pp. 1206-1221). Chowdappa, K. B., Lakshmi, S. S., Kumar, P. P. (2014). 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